Backup: creating a partition image - CloneZilla. Cloning a customized operating system with Clonezilla Cloning a disk with clonezilla

140. You may need this if you need to install a pre-configured version of Linux on a large number of similar computers, for example, in a classroom, or to create a backup image of the system. I will install CloneZilla SE on a Debian Etch server. You can clone any Linux distribution you have.

Preliminary remark

The Debian server that will host CloneZilla SE is located in the local network 192.168.0.0 (mask 255.255.255.0) and has an IP address of 192.168.0.100.

Installing CloneZilla SE

First, import the GPG key for DRBL (Diskless Remote Boot in Linux, you will need it for network booting (PXE) of client machines later) and add the CloneZilla repository:

Wget -q http://drbl.sourceforge.net/GPG-KEY-DRBL -O- | apt-key add -

Let's open /etc/apt/sources.list ...

Vi /etc/apt/sources.list

And add the DRBL / CloneZilla repository:

[...] deb http://drbl.sourceforge.net/drbl-core drbl stable [...]

Launch

Apt-get update

Install DRBL and CloneZilla:

Apt-get install drbl

Launch

/ opt / drbl / sbin / drbl4imp

to configure DRBL and CloneZilla with default options that work correctly in most cases:

************************************************* ***. This script is for those impatient, it will setup the DRBL server by the default value which might not fit your environment. Are you impatient? <-- ENTER************************************************* ***. Ok, Laziness is a virtue! Let us setup DRBL server with the default values !!! Press "Enter" to continue ... <-- ENTER

[...]

Starting the NAT services for DRBL clients ... done! ip_forward is already on. The GDM or KDM config file is NOT found! Skip setting the DM! Maybe you will not be able to make this DRBL server as thin client server! Clean all the previous saved config file if they exist ... done! Turn on the boot prompt for PXE client ... done! Turn off the thin client option in PXE boot menu ... done! Modifying /tftpboot/nbi_img/pxelinux.cfg/default to let DRBL client use graphical PXE boot menu ... done! Full DRBL mode. Remove clientdir opt for label drbl in pxelinux config ... Setting drbl_mode = "full_drbl_mode" in /etc/drbl/drbl_deploy.conf and /etc/drbl/drblpush.conf ... done! Full clonezilla mode. Remove clientdir opt for label clonezilla in pxelinux config ... Setting clonezilla_mode = "full_clonezilla_mode" in /etc/drbl/drbl_deploy.conf and /etc/drbl/drblpush.conf ... done! You have to use "/ opt / drbl / sbin / dcs" -> clonezilla-start to start clonezilla serivce, so that there will be a clonezilla menu when client boots *************** **************************************. Adding normal users to group "audio cdrom plugdev floppy video" ........ done! ************************************************* ***. Updating the YP / NIS for group ... Note! If you add new or remove accounts in the DRBL server in the future, remember to run the following command again, so that some group (EX: plugdev) will be updated: tune-debian-dev-group-perm -g "audio cdrom plugdev floppy video "-e ******************************************* *********. Enjoy DRBL !!! http://drbl.nchc.org.tw; http://drbl.name NCHC Free Software Labs, Taiwan. http://free.nchc.org.tw ************************************* **************. If you like, you can reboot the DRBL server now to make sure everything is ready ... (This is not necessary, just an option.). ************************************************* ***. DRBL server is ready! Now set the client machines to boot from PXE or Etherboot (refer to http://drbl.sourceforge.net for more details). NOTE! If Etherboot is used in client machine, version 5.4.0 or newer is required! PS. The config file is saved as /etc/drbl/drblpush.conf. Therefore if you want to run drblpush with the same config again, you may run it as: / opt / drbl / sbin / drblpush -c /etc/drbl/drblpush.conf server1: ~ #

That's all.

Creating a Linux image

To create an image, we first need to run CloneZilla on our Debian server and say where we will store the images and then put the boot from the network on the system we need.

Run the command

/ opt / drbl / sbin / dcs

in Debian and select All Select all clients :

Check it out Later_in_client Later input image and device name in client :

On the next two windows, just press Enter, leaving the default options:

To be continued...

The original is on the website howtoforge.com 319

Almost all people will sooner or later have to repair their apartment. It is better to prepare for it in advance, for this I recommend visiting the website of the Moscow construction team. Very interesting articles on the topic of repair, photo gallery and much more.

Some machine, e.g. Asus Eee PC or Acer Aspire One, comes without CD / DVD drive. In this case, an USB flash drive or USB hard drive is the best way to boot Clonezilla live. You can follow the following to make a bootable Clonezilla live USB flash drive or hard drive using either or.

Requirement:

Microsoft Windows 2000 / XP / Vista / 7, or GNU / Linux.
Internet access for downloading a distribution to install, or a pre-downloaded ISO file.
An USB drive with a FAT or NTFS partition. If you are making this bootable USB flash drive on GNU / Linux, more file systems, including ext, btrfs, xfs, ufs, ffs can be used for the USB flash drive.

USB setup with MS Windows

Choose one of the following methods to setup Clonezilla Live on your USB flash drive using MS Windows:

MS Windows Method A: Tuxboot

Download Tuxboot on your MS Windows computer.
From MS Windows, run the Tuxboot program and follow the instructions in the GUI to install Clonezilla Live on your USB flash drive.

MS Windows Method B: Manual

WARNING! DO NOT RUN makeboot.bat from your local hard drive!
Doing so could cause your MS windows not to boot !!!

Download the Clonezilla Live zip file.
If you already have a partition of at least 200 MB in size on your USB flash drive formatted with a FAT or NTFS file system then skip to the next step (3).
Otherwise create at least a 200 MB partition on your USB flash drive and format it with a FAT16 / FAT32 or NTFS file system.
Extract all the contents of the zip file to the FAT16 / FAT32 or NTFS partition on your USB flash drive. Keep the directory architecture, for example, file "GPL" should be in the USB flash drive "s top directory (e.g. G: \ GPL).
Browse to your USB flash drive and as an administrator, (On the USB flash key, create a shortcut to the makeboot.bat file. Then right-clic on the shortcut, Properties, Advanced and check "Run as administrator".), Click the makeboot.bat in the dir utils \ win32 \ (for 32-bit Windows) or makeboot64.bat in the dir utils \ win64 \ (for 64-bit Windows). WARNING! Makeboot.bat must be run from your USB flash drive.
If you are an experienced user, open a command prompt as Administrator, navigate to the root of the USB flash key and enter \ utils \ win32 \ makeboot or \ utils \ win64 \ makeboot, depending on the flavor of Windows you are running.
Follow the on-screen instructions.
(PS: The above description is modified from: http://www.pendrivelinux.com/2007/01/02/all-in-one-usb-dsl. Thanks to PDLA from http://pendrivelinux.com)

MS Windows Method C: Unetbootin (Not Recommended)

If you already have Unetbootin installed on your computer then skip to the next step (2).
on your MS Windows computer.
Download the Clonezilla Live iso file.
From MS Windows, run the Unetbootin program and follow the instructions in the GUI to install Clonezilla Live on your USB flash drive.
NOTE:

Windows Method D: LinuxLive USB Creator

If you already have LinuxLive USB Creator installed on your computer then skip to the next step (2).
Otherwise download and install LinuxLive USB Creator on your MS Windows computer.
Download the Clonezilla Live iso file.
From Windows, install then run the LinuxLive USB Creator program and follow the instructions in the GUI to install Clonezilla Live on your USB flash drive.

MS Windows Method E: Rufus USB Creator

If you already have Rufus installed on your computer then skip to the next step (2).
Otherwise download and install Rufus on your MS Windows computer.
Download the Clonezilla Live iso file.
From MS Windows, run the Rufus program and follow the instructions in the GUI to install Clonezilla Live on your USB flash drive.

USB setup with GNU / Linux

Choose one of the following methods to setup Clonezilla Live on your USB flash drive using GNU / Linux:

GNU / Linux Method A: Tuxboot

Download Tuxboot on your GNU / Linux computer.
From GNU / Linux, follow the instructions and the GUI to run Tuxboot to install Clonezilla Live on your USB flash drive.

GNU / Linux Method B: Manual

WARNING! Confirm you have the correct path name before executing commands!
Failure to do so could cause loss of data or your GNU / Linux not to boot !!!
/ dev / sdd is a device path name
/ dev / sdd1 is a partition path name

Download the Clonezilla Live zip file.
If you already have a FAT or NTFS partition on your USB flash drive then skip to the next step (3).
Otherwise prepare at least a 200 MB partition formatted with either a FAT16 / FAT32 or NTFS file system.
If the USB flash drive or USB hard drive does not have any partition, you can use a partitioning tool (e.g. gparted, parted, fdisk, cfdisk or sfdisk) to create a partition with a size of 200 MB or more.
Here we assume your USB flash drive or USB hard drive is / dev / sdd ( You have to comfirm your device name, since it "s _NOT_ always / dev / sdd) on your GNU / Linux, so the partition table is like: # fdisk -l / dev / sdd Disk / dev / sdd: 12.8 GB, 12884901888 bytes 15 heads, 63 sectors / track, 26630 cylinders Units = cylinders of 945 * 512 = 483840 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000c2aa7 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System / dev / sdd1 * 1 26630 12582643+ b W95 FAT32 Then format the partition as FAT with a command such as "mkfs.vfat -F 32 / dev / sdd1"
WARNING! Executing the mkfs.vfat command on the wrong partition or device could cause your GNU / Linux not to boot. Be sure to confirm the command before you run it.# mkfs.vfat -F 32 / dev / sdd1 mkfs.vfat 2.11 (12 Mar 2005)
Insert your USB flash drive or USB hard drive into the USB port on your Linux machine and wait a few seconds. Next, run the command "dmesg" to query the device name of the USB flash drive or USB hard drive. Let "s say, for example, that you find it is / dev / sdd1. In this example, we assume / dev / sdd1 has FAT filesystem, and it is automatically mounted in dir / media / usb /. If it" s not automatically mounted, manually mount it with commands such as "mkdir -p / media / usb; mount / dev / sdd1 / media / usb /".
Unzip all the files and copy them into your USB flash drive or USB hard drive. You can do this with a command such as: "unzip clonezilla-live-2.4.2-32-i686-pae.zip -d / media / usb /"). Keep the directory architecture, for example, file "GPL" should be in the USB flash drive or USB hard drive "s top directory (e.g. / media / usb / GPL).
To make your USB flash drive bootable, first change the working dir, e.g. "cd / media / usb / utils / linux", then run "bash makeboot.sh / dev / sdd1" ( replace / dev / sdd1 with your USB flash drive device name), and follow the prompts.
WARNING! Executing makeboot.sh with the wrong device name could cause your GNU / Linux not to boot. Be sure to confirm the command before you run it.
NOTE: There is a known problem if you run makeboot.sh on Debian Etch, since the program utils / linux / syslinux does not work properly. Make sure you run it on newer GNU / Linux, such as Debian Lenny, Ubuntu 8.04, or Fedora 9.

TIP: If your USB flash drive or USB hard drive is not able to boot, check the following:

Ensure that your USB flash drive contains at least one FAT or NTFS partition.
Ensure that the partition is marked as "bootable" in the partition table.
Ensure that the partition starts on a cylinder boundary.
For the first partition this is usually sector 63.

GNU / Linux Method C: Unetbootin (Not Recommended)

If you already have Unetbootin installed on your computer then skip to step 2.
Otherwise install on your GNU / Linux computer.
Download the Clonezilla Live iso file.
From GNU / Linux, run the Unetbootin program and follow the instructions in the GUI to install Clonezilla Live on your USB flash drive.
NOTE: The boot menu created by Unetbootin is not exactly the same as the boot menu created in method A. Therefore it is recommended to use method A.

Very often, especially among inexperienced Linux users, as a result of installing new kernels, drivers and other experiments, the system becomes inoperative, and it is extremely difficult to revive it without the proper skills. Do not be discouraged, in this case, system restore from backup... The problem is that everyone has heard of backup, but not everyone knows how it works.

In this article, I will look at an easy way to create a system backup and then restore it using the tool Clonezilla live.

First, download the image iso c official.

For example, stable image .

We create a bootable USB flash drive in any usual way. You can use Unetbootin or the more advanced MultiSystem LiveUSB. If you installed the system from a flash drive, this process should be familiar to you, we will not dwell on it.

By creating a bootable USB flash drive Clonezilla live, we boot from it, setting the priority of our flash drive in Bios. As a result, the following screen should open before us:

We press Enter, choose the Russian language:

We choose "Do not touch the layout":

We choose "Launching Clonezilla":

Then choose device-image, for working with disks and partitions:

Then choose local-dev, because we will save to a local device, and not to a remote server:

Next comes the crucial stage - you need to choose a hard drive or other media, on which (and namely on which) we will save a backup, in my case it will be a flash drive(different!) as I used a virtual machine to take screenshots. In your case, it can be anything - either a flash drive (for the first time, preferably freshly formatted), or separate hard disk partition commonly used as "file cleaning", or a separate physical hard drive, if you have one, or even an NTFS partition from your Windows, if it is installed on a second system. If you want to use a USB stick, insert it in response to this suggestion (highlighted in yellow), if not, just press enter:

So, based on the considerations above, we select a device for storing backups (or, as it is loudly called in Clonezilla, Image repository). In my case, as mentioned, this is a USB flash drive:

Note: the words "repository" and "images" should not mislead you. Repository, in this case, it is just "storage", and image- this is just a folder where a copy of your system will be compressed by the archiver.

We choose directory on the device, into which we will save the image, I prefer the root one, so as not to get confused:

Then there will be a short media check, when done just press Enter:

Next, the selection of the settings wizard mode will open, select Beginner(for newbies):

Next, select
or savedisk, to save disk completely,
or saveparts if we want save sections
I chose saveparts, since in reality we are most often interested in copying a Linux partition / partitions. Note: copying the entire disc is usually not required, in addition, if the quality "repositories" a partition on the same disk is selected, it will be completely impossible:

Introduce the name of the copy to be created for example based on date:

Then choose our ext4 partition (or partitions), a copy of which we will make (marks in the list space, I got the only item on the virtual machine):

Then we indicate whether we will check disk before creating a backup:

And will we check the image after creation:

This is almost all over. Questions will be asked, ALL will be answered y and click Enter:

And now the backup will go:

When checking the image, if it was selected, a similar window pops up again:

It remains to wait for the completion of the work, and restart the computer following the instructions Clonezilla.

The backup files in the file manager look something like this:

Restoring from a backup with Clonezilla

Recovery follows the same general principle - first we specify the "repository", where lies the image, then choose the image itself, and finally, we indicate target section on the disk to which we will "expand" this image.

So, we load Clonezilla, we do everything as in the previous paragraph and we reach the disk selection screen where the backup is located:

If you are not familiar with the problem when, due to an incorrect update of Ubuntu or from the pranks of another virus in Windows, the system needs to be lifted from its knees, then it will be boring further.

A backup is a system administrator's insurance. Usually they back up data that can be irretrievably lost - 1C databases, files and folders, Oracle databases, DHCP configs, etc. What happens to the PC on which an ordinary clerk works if the HDD suddenly dies? The whirlwind begins - we install the OS, roll up the software, accounting, printers, etc.
But what about the top director, chief accountant and other important personalities, who, firstly, need the way it was, and secondly, a working and configured computer in 30-60 minutes?

Use Clonezilla Server (CE)!

CE is a logical continuation of Clonezilla, its network brother.
For reference, Clonezilla is free and open source software for cloning disks and individual hard disk partitions, as well as creating backups and disaster recovery.

Clonezilla itself is a godsend. Download the LiveCD, boot, and in a few clicks ENTER starts backing up partitions or the entire HDD to another HDD, which can be an external USB drive. Of course, the copy is not dd with bitwise copying, it will be equal to the amount of occupied disk space and compressed.

Clonezilla is friends with filesystems such as: FAT, NTFS, ext2, ext3, ext4, reiserfs, reiser4, XFS, JFS, JFS, VMFS and HFS +.

Those. for one-off Clonezilla backups - more than.
Important note: CE does not distinguish between software RAID, splitting it into separate devices!

CE helps us out when

There are a dozen of the same type of PC, without an OS. We put the OS and the necessary software on the first PC, make a "cast", deploy over the network at the same time on the remaining ones.
Backup of one or more PCs over the network, preferably at night.

I see no reason to write about the CE installation, since it has been written more than once.

How do you wake up your PC at night? Wake On Lan! Checking Motherboard WOL support, reading the instructions for inclusion. By the way, my p5b-deluxe could not wake up, and the cheap P5KPL-CM had no problems.

Putting CE, you are convinced that the thing is inflexible. It puts its own DHCP, which is then guided by the loading of stations, checks the coincidence of the IP address of the CE server and the IP address of the cloned system up to 3 (!) Digits. In case of a mismatch, it sets the IP address of the NFS server whatever you like.

Hence the following useful changes

On the already raised DHCP server on the network, we configure:

066 parameter - IP address of the CE server
067 parameter - pxelinux.0

Next, we remove the check of the DHCP server name:
/ opt / drbl / sbin / mknic-nbi -c n

edit the file / tftpboot / node_root / sbin / init
change IP_prefix = "$ (echo $ IP | cut -d". "-f1-3)" to IP_prefix = "$ (echo $ IP | cut -d". "-f1-2)"

We change the destination directory for backup from the local / home / partimag to the SMB share of the backup server, for this we add the SMB share parameters to the file / tftpboot / nodes / $ IP / etc / fstab, then create a template:
/ opt / drbl / sbin / drbl-gen-ssi-files $ IP

Well, to top it off, I hastily wrote a script to wake up the computer over IP and then backup the HDD clonerHDD.

Still to come:

Rotate backups so that no more than two backups from one machine
Send backup status, size and machine name to Nagios
Add a script by adding a restore from a backup by command

Greetings, dear friends, acquaintances, casual passers-by, mischievous people and other personalities reading this material. Today we will again bring up the topic of backup, namely, we will talk about how to create copies of hard disk partitions. You probably remember that this question was already raised in an article titled "" ..

And in general, the topic itself is not new, because a certain number of articles on this project have already been devoted to it. Including there were articles about creating backups, for example, using 'bat -niks, -, - which help to almost manually create backup copies of the necessary data, and later I talked about the program for automatic backup, namely, - in the article -

But, given that the long-suffering Acronis has still greatly slipped onto commercial rails, and not all software is able to make and restore copies of partitions outside a loaded system, and just as part of expanding horizons, today I want to tell you about this .. mmm .. a software package like CloneZilla, based on linux "e. With this, so to speak, it will be a little more difficult to work with than with Acronis, but, in the end, free and extra experience in working with such software should outweigh all the difficulties.

Globally, it is important to simply follow my instructions and be extremely careful - then everything will work out. I apologize in advance for the rather dubious quality of .. uh .. "screenshots". It happened:(

How to take a snapshot of a Linux and Windows partition or disk

First, we need to download the distribution kit of the program, namely, its image for writing to disk. This can be done. Next, we need to write the downloaded one, in fact, to disk. This can be done using the SCD Writer program, which can be downloaded.

After downloading, unpack the archive and run the program, it's just a little:

Based on the results of this process, you will have a finished disk with the program. To do this, you need to go into the BIOS (DEL button or one of the F2-F12 series at the earliest stage of computer boot). Actually, if a kind of blue or blue-gray screen appears, then you, as they say, got into this most terrible BIOS.

"Welcome to bios" or "Where did I find myself?"
We got ... well .. into the heart of the computer. In order not to break something, we go through the sections carefully. We are only interested in one option - download priority. Next, I will tell you where and what you need to click to boot from our disk. Many computers have a different BIOS, so the settings of one BIOS manufacturer may be completely different from another. But this is not so bad. Even different versions of the same BIOS manufacturer have different settings. Therefore, I will only describe the most common options.

If you see the "Boot" tab, then go into it and see 3 fields there (they go in a row) first, second, third boot device respectively. We put CD in the first field, in the second HDD, and we are not interested in the third. We go back and exit the bios (f10). Remember to save your changes. The computer will then restart.

Go to Advanced BIOS features (if there is none, then BIOS features) and look for either the Boot Sequence field, or 3 fields (they go in a row) First, Second, Third boot device respectively. If we have a Boot Sequence, then we set it like this: CD, HDD, floppy (or by disk labels, for example, D, C, A). If we have three boot device fields, then we set it as in the previous paragraph. We go back and exit the bios (f10). Remember to save your changes. The computer will then restart.

If you did everything right at the stage above, then after saving the settings and exiting. When it happens, you will see something like the following window (I apologize for the quality of the photos, it was not possible to do it better):

Next, in fact, we need to decide on the launch parameters. If you have a small amount of RAM (up to 1Gb), then it makes sense to use the first line, namely “ CloneZilla live (Default settings, VGA 800x600)", If there is enough memory, then select" Others modes of Clonezilla live”, And there is the third line, namely“ Clonezilla live (To RAM ..) ”, which will allow the program to load into memory and not depend on the CD / DVD-ROM, that is, to work faster.

After downloading, you will need to select the language of the program. I think that Russian will suit us :) The next tab will offer to change the layout. In most cases, this is not required, so feel free to select the item “ Don't touch the layout”, And on the next tab, select the item“ Launch Clonezilla ”.

Burn / restore partitions / disks from an image
Write / restore from disk to disk, from partition to partition

In this example, we will consider the first option, because it is more complicated, more interesting, and also because the second involves cloning a partition / disk, that is, if, say, you want to back up a disk with a system to another physical disk, then the data on the other disk, they will be overwritten, and it will become a full copy of the first, i.e., in order to consider this option, you will need a blank hard disk or partition, and therefore, for now, we will consider the first point. On the second, you can practice on your own. Select the item “ device-image work with disks or partitions using images”.

I am

On the next tab, you will need to select the image repository, i.e. the disk ON WHICH we will save the image of this or that partition / disk. I chose the largest single, i.e. physical, of all disks available to me now. You can choose either an external or any other disk yourself, as long as there is enough space on it for the disk / partition image that you are going to copy.

On the next tab you will be asked which folder we want to save the image to. I selected to the root of the disk, i.e. /. You can choose a folder convenient for you.

Next, you will need to decide how much we want to customize. In fact, the expert level is necessary only in case of problems, and the initial, which is also automatic, is suitable for most people and cases. For now, choose the first one, ie “ Beginner: Beginner level”. If you have any problems with creating a backup, write to me, and we will use the second option. If you wish, it is also very welcome after the end of the lesson to “play” on your own with the expert settings, but only carefully and reading all the tips.

Next, you need to choose whether we want to copy the entire disk or one / several of its partitions. Choose what is closer to you. I, within the framework of the article, used the second point, i.e. " Save_local_sections_as_image”.

On the next tab, set a name for the image. I leave it as it is, because the date is indicated there, which is convenient.

Now the most important thing is to select the disk or partition (in my example, the partition) that we will copy. You can choose several. The selection is carried out by pressing the SPACEBAR, by clicking on which the * symbol appears opposite the disk or partition, which means that the disk / partition is selected. When you are finished with your selection, click OK.

The next two tabs will ask about the need to check and restore the file system, as well as the final created image. I used to refuse so as not to waste time, i.e. choose “ Skip checking / repairing source file system”And, further,“ No, skip checking the saved image”.

After all this, the process will start, mounting the devices and doing other things the program needs. Here you will need to make sure that the correct disk or partition is indicated in yellow, enter y on the keyboard and press the Enter button, after which the copying process will start.

It remains only to press, as asked, Enter, then enter 1 and again Enter. The computer will need to restart. Do not forget to specify the boot from the hard drive, because earlier we set the boot from the CD / DVD drive.

That's it, the backup is ready. You can rejoice.
Now it remains to learn how to recover from the image.

Restoring from a backup image

Actually, recovering from the image is much easier.

Boot again from the disk with the program, only this time select the item “ Restore image to local disk" or " Restore image to local partitions”, Depending on whether you saved the partition or disk.

Next, select the image file for recovery and VERY carefully specify the disk / partition where you will restore the contents of this image. Carefully because all information on the disk or partition (whichever you restore) will be replaced by the contents of the image.

After checking everything three times, put y and click OK. Then do it again, because will ask you again and once again you will have to put y and press OK.

We are waiting for the end and - voila - everything is ready!

That's it, the backup has been restored from the image.
Something like this:)

Afterword

These are the pies. Be sure to be attentive and careful, especially the first times .. Well, and then raise your hand, and this piece will be quite a good tool in your arsenal. Not Acronis, of course, with its interface, but it's also quite a powerful thing, especially if you learn how to use all the features of this CloneZilla. And no failures and almost will not be scary - you can always recover from a backup.

I hope this information was useful to you. As always, write comments with questions, wishes, and so on.

Stay with the project - here you are always welcome;)

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