Any search php start. Using ob_start when supporting php projects

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7)

ob_start - Enabling Output Buffering

Description

Bool ob_start ([ callable$ output_callback = NULL [, int $ chunk_size = 0 [, int $ flags = PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_STDFLAGS ]]])

This function enables output buffering. If output buffering is active, script output is not sent (except for headers), but is stored in an internal buffer.

The contents of this internal buffer can be copied to a string variable using ob_get_contents ()... To display the contents of the internal buffer, use ob_end_flush ()... Alternatively you can use ob_end_clean () to destroy the contents of the buffer.

Attention

Some web servers (for example Apache) change the working directory of the script when the callback function is called. You can bring it back using chdir (dirname ($ _ SERVER ["SCRIPT_FILENAME"])) in the callback function.

Output buffers are pushed on the stack, i.e. call is allowed ob_start () after calling another active ob_start ()... In this case, it is necessary to call ob_end_flush () the appropriate number of times. If multiple callbacks are active, the output is filtered sequentially for each of them in nesting order.

Parameter List

You can set the optional output_callback parameter. This function takes a string as an argument and must return a string as well. It is called on reset (send) or clear (with ob_flush (), ob_clean () or similar functions) or if the output buffer is flushed to the browser at the end of the request. When the function output_callback is called, it receives the contents of the buffer and should return updated contents for the output buffer to be sent to the browser. If output_callback is not a valid function, then the documented function will return FALSE... Function description for this parameter:

String handler (string $ buffer [, int $ phase ])

Buffer The content of the output buffer. phase Constant bitmask PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_ *.

If output_callback returns FALSE then the original information will be sent to the browser unchanged.

The output_callback parameter can be ignored by passing a value NULL.

ob_end_clean (), ob_end_flush (), ob_clean (), ob_flush () and ob_start () cannot be called from callback functions because their behavior is unpredictable. If you want to delete the contents of the buffer, then return "" (an empty string) from the callback function. You also cannot call functions. print_r ($ expression, true) or highlight_file ($ filename, true) from the output buffering callback functions.

Comment:

In PHP 4.0.4, the function ob_gzhandler () was introduced to facilitate sending gz-encoded data to web browsers that support compressed web pages. ob_gzhandler () determines the type of content encoding accepted by the browser and returns the output accordingly.

If the optional chunk_size parameter is passed, the buffer will be flushed after any output larger or equal in size to chunk_size. Default value 0 means that the output function will be called when the buffer is closed.

Before PHP 5.4.0, value 1 was the special value that set the parameter chunk_size at 4096.

The flags parameter is a bit mask that controls the operations that can be performed on the output buffer. By default, it allows the output buffer to be flushed, flushed, and deleted, which is the same as | | , or PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_STDFLAGS as an abbreviation for this combination.

Each flag controls access to a set of functions, as described below:

Return Values

Returns TRUE on successful completion, or FALSE in case of an error.

List of changes

Examples of

Example # 1 Example callback function, user-defined

Function callback ($ buffer)
{
// replace all apples with oranges
return (str_replace ("apples", "oranges", $ buffer));
}

Ob_start ("callback");

?>

It's like comparing apples and oranges.

ob_end_flush ();

Start Search is a browser hijacker, which is promoted via other free downloads, and once installed it will change your browser homepage to start-search.com search.yahoo.com.

The start-search.com homepage will display advertisements and sponsored links in your search results, and may collect search terms from your search queries. The start-search.com hijack is used to boost advertising revenue, as in the use of blackhat SEO, to inflate a site’s page ranking in search results.

Start Search it's technically not a virus, but it does exhibit plenty of malicious traits, such as rootkit capabilities to hook deep into the operating system, browser hijacking, and in general just interfering with the user experience. The industry generally refers to it as a “PUP,” or potentially unwanted program.
Start Search is an ad-supported (users may see additional banner, search, pop-up, pop-under, interstitial and in-text link advertisements) cross web browser plugin for Internet Explorer (BHO) and Firefox / Chrome (plugin) and distributed through various monetization platforms during installation. The browser extension includes various features that will modify the default or custom settings of the browser including the home page, search settings and in some cases will modify Internet Explorer's load time threshold, place a lock file within Firefox to prevent competing software from changing its settings as well as disable the browser's Content Security Policy in order to allow for cross site scripting of the plugin.

Start Search homepage got on your computer after you have installed a freeware software (video recording / streaming, download-managers or PDF creators) that had bundled into their installation this browser hijacker.
For example, when you install VPlay, you will also agree to change your browser homepage to start-search.com and default search engine to search.yahoo.com


However when you uninstall VPlay from your computer, your web browser's default settings will not be restored. This means that you’ll have to remove start-search.com homepage from your favorite web browser manually.

You should always pay attention when installing software because often, a software installer includes optional installs, such as this start-search.com browser hijacker. Be very careful what you agree to install.
Always opt for the custom installation and deselect anything that is not familiar, especially optional software that you never wanted to download and install in the first place. It goes without saying that you should not install software that you don’t trust.

How to remove start-search.com (Virus Removal Guide)

This page is a comprehensive guide, which will remove start-search.com from your Internet Explorer, Firefox and Google Chrome.
Please perform all the steps in the correct order. If you have any questions or doubt at any point, STOP and ask for our assistance.

STEP 1: Uninstall start-search.com malicious programs from your computer

In this first step, we will try to identify and remove any malicious program that might be installed on your computer.

If you are having issues while trying to uninstall the start-search.com program, you can use to completely remove this unwanted program from your machine.

STEP 2: Remove start-search.com virus from Internet Explorer, Firefox and Google Chrome

Remove start-search.com virus from Internet Explorer

You can reset Internet Explorer settings to return them to the state they were in when Internet Explorer was first installed on your PC.

Remove start-search.com virus from Mozilla Firefox

If you're having problems with Firefox, resetting it can help. The reset feature fixes many issues by restoring Firefox to its factory default state while saving your essential information like bookmarks, passwords, web form auto-fill information, browsing history and open tabs.

Note: Your old Firefox profile will be placed on your desktop in a folder named “ Old Firefox Data“. If the reset didn’t fix your problem you can restore some of the information not saved by copying files to the new profile that was created. If you don’t need this folder any longer, you should delete it as it contains sensitive information.

Remove start-search.com virus from Google Chrome

STEP 3: Remove start-search.com browser hijacker with AdwCleaner

The AdwCleaner utility will scan your computer and web browser for the “start-search.com” malicious files, browser extensions and registry keys, that may have been installed on your computer without your knowledge.

STEP 4: Remove start-search.com virus from your computer with Malwarebytes Anti-Malware Free

Malwarebytes Anti-Malware Free uses industry-leading technology to detect and remove all traces of malware, including worms, Trojans, rootkits, rogues, dialers, spyware, and more.
It is important to note that Malwarebytes Anti-Malware works well and should run alongside antivirus software without conflicts.

1. You can download download Malwarebytes Anti-Malware from the below link.
   (This link will open a new web page from where you can download Malwarebytes Anti-Malware Free)
2. Once downloaded, close all programs, then double-click on the icon on your desktop named “ mbam-setup-consumer-2.00.xx " to start the installation of Malwarebytes Anti-Malware.
   
   You may be presented with a User Account Control dialog asking you if you want to run this file. If this happens, you should click “ Yes”To continue with the installation.
3. When the installation begins, you will see the which will guide you through the installation process.
   
   
   To install Malwarebytes Anti-Malware on your machine, keep following the prompts by clicking the “ Next”Button.
   
   
4. Once installed, Malwarebytes Anti-Malware will automatically start and you will see a message stating that you should update the program, and that a scan has never been run on your system. To start a system scan you can click on the “ Fix now”Button.
   
   
   Alternatively, you can click on the “ Scan"Tab and select" Threat Scan“, Then click on the "Scan Now" button.
   
   
5. Malwarebytes Anti-Malware will now check for updates, and if there are any, you will need to click on the “ Update Now”Button.
   
   
6. Malwarebytes Anti-Malware will now start scanning your computer for the start-search.com virus. When Malwarebytes Anti-Malware is scanning it will look like the image below.
   
   
7. When the scan has completed, you will now be presented with a screen showing you the malware infections that Malwarebytes ’Anti-Malware has detected. To remove the malicious programs that Malwarebytes Anti-malware has found, click on the “ Quarantine all”Button, and then click on the“ Apply Now”Button.
   
   
   Please note that the infections found may be different than what is shown in the image.
8. Malwarebytes Anti-Malware will now quarantine all the malicious files and registry keys that it has found. When removing the files, Malwarebytes Anti-Malware may require a reboot in order to remove some of them. If it displays a message stating that it needs to reboot your computer, please allow it to do so.
   
   
   After your computer will restart, you should open Malwarebytes Anti-Malware and perform another “Threat Scan” scan to verify that there are no remaining threats

STEP 5: Double check for the start-search.com infection with HitmanPro

HitmanPro is a second opinion scanner, designed to rescue your computer from malware (viruses, trojans, rootkits, etc.) that have infected your computer despite all the security measures you have taken (such as anti virus software, firewalls, etc.). HitmanPro is designed to work alongside existing security programs without any conflicts. It scans the computer quickly (less than 5 minutes) and does not slow down the computer.

Hello, Habr!

Today I would like to introduce newbie webmasters to a variety of nifty ways to use output buffering in php. Experienced webmasters will hardly find something useful for themselves here. Although - who knows?

As you all know, php's output buffering is controlled by a set of functions starting with "ob_". The most important of these is ob_start. When launched, it collects the subsequent output, that is, all kinds of print (), echo and so on, which will then be given to the visitor in the form of an html page. And if, before outputting, we started buffering, then with this almost finished page, we can finally do something.

For example, we want to filter out all links to third-party sites.

On our, ancient as an ax australopithecus, forum, a great number of spammers swarm, luring visitors to places filled with debauchery, one-armed bandits and political agitation. It would be possible to use js with tracking, but we want to change all of these links instead like so:

"http://blackjack-hookers.com" => "http://myoldforum.ru/redirect.php?url=blackjack-hookers.com"

The method may not be the most effective, but effective. We wrote redirect.php with a filter and a blacklist, and now we need to transform all links on thousands of forum pages. With ob_start and a couple of regular expressions, we'll do it in just a few lines:

Function f_callback ($ buffer) ($ buffer = preg_replace ("#http: // (www.)? Myoldforum \ .ru / #", "/", $ buffer); $ buffer = preg_replace ("# href =" http : // ([^ "] *)" # "," # href = "/redirect\.php\?url=$1", $ buffer); return $ buffer;) ob_start (f_callback);

Now, by including this code at the beginning of index.php, or another file that the server accesses when viewing pages, we will get what we need.

By changing the content in this way, we are not limited by the framework of the engine's methods. This can be very valuable. You can, for example, add a plugin:

Function generate_plugin () (/ * generating something * /) function f_callback ($ buffer) (/*...*/ $ buffer = str_replace ("", generate_plugin (), $ buffer); /*...*/ return $ buffer;) ob_start (" f_callback ");

Now, where we added to the content, what we wanted to get will appear. One of the uses is to insert a js widget into a website page. For example, Yandex maps. This is usually not difficult, but sometimes a badly written site page editor will escape quotes and curly braces, breaking the widget. As you can see, this problem can be easily solved.

Php's set of output buffer tools is rich, and is not limited to ob_start alone. In some cases, the above techniques are unnecessarily resource-intensive and cumbersome, since they operate on the entire page. We can process only part of it by creating a wrapper in the template around the generation of something that we don't want to go into the jungle of, but which we definitely need to fix:

(GENERATE BIG CRAZY THING)

You must have already noticed all these phrases: "I don't want to climb", "as ancient as a tyrannosaurus chair", "crookedly written editor" ... In an ideal world, shells around the output buffer are not needed. Anything that can be done with ob_start could theoretically be done without it. This technique sometimes confuses the project code, many see its meaning only in sending the output to ob_gzhandler for compression, and consider its use in other cases dangerous. But often you just can't do without managing output.

Especially if you don't want to dig deep.

Start.search.us.com is another site that appears out of nowhere on your system, replacing the homepage and search provider. The website claims to be a search engine and tries to get you to use it instead of Google, Bing, Yahoo or other popular ones. The program introduces random systems using combining methods. Basically it comes along there will be free applications that you download yourself, and it is very likely that you will not notice Start.search.us.com infiltrating at the same time.

HOW SAFE is it to use Start.search.us.com?

You should be aware that these types of programs are not very safe to keep on your system. First, they cause a lot of redirects to unknown websites, as well as the search engine that it suggests is not working properly. Your search results will be based on sponsored websites as Start.search.us.com aims to increase traffic over multiple pages. Moreover, the program tries to collect information about your activity when you view it and later use it for marketing purposes.

If you notice Start.search.us.com on your computer, you shouldn't just ignore it. Obviously, over time you will get very annoying with this application. However, you shouldn't even use it more than once if you care about protecting your computer. Delete Start.search.us.com from your system the first time you see it on your computer. We highly recommend scanning your computer with reputable anti-spyware programs to make sure you don't leave any malware in there. Below you can see the complete removal of the Start.search.us.com hijacker manual.

How to remove Start.search.us.com redirect?

Go to Control Panel -> Add / Remove Programs list and remove it from there. It is important that you uninstall all other programs installed with the hijacker, as some of them may redownload or reset the browser settings back. Scan from or as it detects such programs quite well. You should also check the browser extensions for Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, and Google Chrome. If you don't see Start.search.us.com in the list, you should use antivirus tools and scan your computer with it. Removing the program from your computer does not change the search providers; it only stops ads appearing on your computer. You will have to do it manually yourself. Depending on the browser you are using, follow the instructions below:

Remove Start.search.us.com from Internet explorer:

1. Click the arrow on the search box to the right.
2. Follow these steps: on IE8-9 select Search provider management, on IE7 click default search changes. Remove Start.search.us.com from the list.

Firefox:

1. Enter " about: config"In the url bar. This will open the Options page. In the search box enter " Keyword.url
2. In the search box enter " browser.search.defaultengine". Right click & reset it.
3. In the search box enter " browser.search.selectedengine". Right click & reset it.
4. Search " browser.newtab.url". Right click and reset. This will ensure that the search page does not launch on every new tab.

Disconnect Start.search.us.com Google Chrome:

1. Click the 3 horizontal lines button on the browser toolbar. Please select settings.
2. Please select basics ->manage search engines. Remove unnecessary search engines from the list.

PHP provides several functions that search for one string within another. Some return the location of the found string (strpos, strrpos and related), and return part of the original string (strstr and strrchr). The search functions return false if the string you are searching for is not found within the original.

If your goal is simply to determine whether one string exists within another, the most efficient option is strpos.

strpos

The strpos function searches its first string argument for its second and returns the zero-based index location of the first match within the string, or false if it is not found. The following example demonstrates:

$ str =; // search for the first occurrence of "need" within $ str$ pos = strpos ($ str, "need"); // display type and value of $ pos var_dump ($ pos); // int (3)

Although we demonstrated the result using var_dump above, a typical examination of the return value for strpos is performed as follows:

// how to inspect strpos return value ($ pos) if ($ pos! == false) (// if search string found echo "found it at location $ pos";) else (echo "not found.";)

Be sure to use the === or! == operators to compare the strpos function "s return value to false. If the substring is found at the start of the string, strpos will return 0, which the == or! = Operators would convert to false.

You can specify an offset to begin the search a specified number of characters from the start of the string, as this example demonstrates:

/ * strpos arguments: * subject string (aka haystack), search string (needle), offset (optional) * / // start search for "need" from character 10 in $ str$ pos = strpos ($ str, "need", 10); // twenty

When starting the search from character 10, the result is 20, the index location of the start of the word needle.

strrpos

The strrpos function finds the position of the last occurrence of a substring in a string:

// example string to use for searches$ str = "We need to find the needle in the haystack."; // find location of last occurrence of "need" in $ str$ pos = strrpos ($ str, "need"); // twenty

The strrpos function also provides an optional offset parameter which can be either positive or negative. If the offset is positive, that number of characters at the beginning of the string will be excluded from the search. Consider the following example:

// search from right for "We" excluding first 3 characters$ pos = strrpos ($ str, "We", 3); var_dump ($ pos); // bool (false)

The result is false since "We" is not found when the search excludes the first three characters.

If the offset is negative, that many characters at the end of the string are excluded from the search. We demonstrate with two searches specifying a negative offset:

// search from right for "hay" excluding last 5 characters$ pos = strrpos ($ str, "hay", - 5); // int (34) // search from right excluding last 10 characters$ pos = strrpos ($ str, "hay", - 10); // bool (false)

The last result above is false since "hay" is not found when the search excludes the last 10 characters.

Notice that the return value of the strrpos function gives the location from the start of the string, even though the search commences from the right.

stripos and strripos

The strpos and strrpos functions perform case-sensitive searches. PHP provides stripos and strripos functions to perform case-insensitive searches. They work just like their case-sensitive equivalents:

// example string to use for searches$ str = "We need to find the needle in the haystack."; // do case-insensitive search for "we"$ pos = stripos ($ str, "we"); // int (0) // do case-insensitive search from right for "Need"$ pos = strripos ($ str, "Need"); // int (20)

The case-insensitive search for "we" results in 0, indicating it was found at the beginning of the string we are searching in. The case-insensitive search for "Need" from the right (using strripos), finds it at location 20.

strstr

The strstr function searches the first string argument for the second. If the second is found within the first, strstr returns the portion of the original string starting from the first found occurrence to the end of the string.

// example string $ str = "We need to find the needle in the haystack."; // search for "the" in $ str $ newstr = strstr ($ str, "the"); var_dump ($ newstr); // string (27) "the needle in the haystack."

The strstr function returns the first "the" it finds, along with the rest of the original string.

If you pass true as the third argument to strstr, the portion of the original string before the found string is returned:

// pass true to return the part of $ str before "the"$ newstr = strstr ($ str, "the", true); var_dump ($ newstr); // string (16) "We need to find"

This time the strstr function returns everything before the first "the" in the string.

PHP also provides the stristr function which works exactly the same as strstr except that it performs a case-insensitive search.

strrchr

The strrchr function searches the first string argument from the right for the character we specify in the second argument. The function returns the portion of the string from the location of the found instance of that character to the end of the string:

// example string $ str = "We need to find the needle in the haystack."; // search from right for "s" in $ str$ newstr = strstr ($ str, "s"); var_dump ($ newstr); // string (6) "stack."

Notice that unlike strstr, if the second argument consists of multiple characters, only the first is used:

// test with multi-character second argument$ newstr = strrchr ($ str, "the"); var_dump ($ newstr); // string (5) "tack."

Instead of returning "the haystack", the strrchr function returns "tack", applying only the first letter of the second argument to the search.