What does this button mean. With a computer keyboard. ALT hotkeys
In this lesson I want to tell you about the purpose of the keys, when looking at which it is not immediately clear what should happen when they are pressed. This, of course, is not literal numeric keys, everything is clear with them - what is drawn will be displayed when pressed. True, on some alphanumeric keys, three characters are drawn, and it is also not immediately clear how to display any of them. How, with which keys and in what modes to display each of the symbols drawn on the key, I will also tell you in this lesson.
Let's take a look at a regular keyboard.
I marked in red the keys with which everything is more or less clear, these are symbolic keys (letters, numbers, signs). The only thing I will dwell on in more detail, in terms of these keys, is how to display all the symbols drawn on these keys, but just below.
But the meanings of the keys highlighted in blue are most likely not clear to beginners. And so now I will describe the meaning of each such key separately.
I'll start at the top left corner.
Esc key. Reads like "Escape".
This key will usually cancel an action. For example, if you click on the desktop right click mouse and open the screen properties window, then by pressing the "Esc" key, you will instantly close this window. In any game, by pressing the "Esc" key, you will most likely exit the game menu, and if you press this key again, the game will continue. In any browser ( Internet Explorer, Opera, FireFox, etc.), when you enter the address of a site, by pressing the "Esc" key, you will return to the original value of the address, to the address home page... And so on.
Just remember - the "Esc" KEY CANCELS THE PREVIOUS ACTION!
F1-F12 keys.
These are function keys, i.e. when you press these keys SOME ACTION HAPPENED... These actions are different in different programs. Typically these keys are used as hot keys or in combination with other keys. For example, In most programs, the "F1" key is a call to help, help.
The keyboard shortcut "Alt + F4" in Windows is to close the current window. In any browser, the "F5" key is a page refresh.
Print Screen / SysRq key. Reads as "Print Screen".
With this key you can make SCREENSHOT... Those. in fact, when this button is pressed, no visible action occurs, but in fact, the picture of the photographed screen enters the memory (clipboard), from where it can then be retrieved by inserting it into any graphic editor such as "Paint" or "Photoshop". By the way, if you press this key together with the Alt key (highlighted in green), ie Alt + PrintScreen, then not the entire screen will be photographed, but only the active window!
Scroll Lock key. It reads like "Skrol Lock".
The essence of this button is that when this button is on (this is indicated by the corresponding indicator light), using the cursor keys (arrows, Page Up, Page Down), you can move the screen image, not the cursor. In general, I found the use of this button only in ExcelE, where it really works.
Pause / Break key.
Usually, from the moment you turn on the computer until Windows boots, you only see a splash screen on the screen. booting Windows... But in fact, at the time of loading, some information about the system is displayed on the screen (the presence random access memory, the volume of the hard drive, etc.), so that HAPPY TO SEE this information must be pressed "PAUSE", to continue, you can press any button. In general, this button in combination with the "Ctrl" key was actively used at one time in DOS applications for INTERRUPTIONS work of the program. Now the function of this button is performed by the TASK MANAGER.
Num Lock key.
This key INCLUDES DIGITAL KEYBOARD located on the right side of the keyboard. If this key is on (as indicated by the indicator light), then the numeric keypad will work like a calculator, i.e. when pressed, it will be the numbers that will be displayed.
If this key is off (the indicator is off), then the numeric keys will work in a different mode. Keys "1" and "7" will work as keys "End" and "Home" - moving the cursor to the end and beginning of the line. Keys "3" and "9" will work as keys "Page Up" and "Page Down" - move the cursor one screen up and down. Keys "2", "4", "8", "6" will work as arrow keys, i.e. in cursor control mode.
In addition, if you set the SPECIAL OPPORTUNITIES for the mouse in the CONTROL PANEL, then when the "Num look" key is off, you can control the mouse cursor using the keys "4" - to the left, "6" - to the right, "8" - up, "2" - way down.
In general, I recommend that you use the numeric keypad, especially if you often work with numbers, for example, in 1C or ExcelE.
Page Up and Page Down keys.
With these keys you can scroll up and down the screen. The keys highlighted in blue work only when the Num Lock key is off (no light is on). You can and should use these keys in any text editors, any browsers, in general, wherever information does not fit on one screen in height.
Home and End keys.
These keys move the cursor to the beginning (Home key) and end (End key) of the line. Or to the beginning and end of the list (in Explorer). The keys highlighted in blue work only when the Num Lock key is off (no light is on).
By the way, if you press the "Home" key together with the "Ctrl" key (highlighted in green), then the transition will be carried out immediately to the first (topmost) page. And if you press the "End" key together with the "Ctrl" key, the transition will be carried out directly to the last (lowest) page.
Insert or Ins key.
The "Insert" key switches between INSERT and REPLACE modes. In the mode INSERTS if you type between two words, the right word will move to the right and new text will be inserted after the left word. Like this: "left" "center" "right" - I inserted the word "center" between the words "left" and "right". And in the mode REPLACEMENT the right word will be overwritten - replaced by the inserted word.
Like this: "left" "center", i.e. the word "right" will be completely erased.
Sometimes you just want to disable this key, tk. When typing in WordE, you can accidentally click on this button and turn on the replacement mode, and at the time of editing the already typed text, you do not notice how, what you typed is overwritten. Therefore, I recommend that you sometimes pay attention to the status bar in WordE, there is an indication of the "Insert" key. In addition, in WordE, you can disable this key altogether, but this is not about that in this lesson.
This key is also used in combinations with the "Ctrl" and "Shift" keys (highlighted in green).
The combination of keys "Ctrl + Insert" - copy the selected text. The same as "Ctrl + C".
The key combination "Shift + Insert" - inserts the selected text. The same as "Ctrl + V".
"Delete" or "Del" key.
With the "Delete" key you can DELETE one character to the right in any text. Or delete all selected text. Or delete a file or folder. By the way, if you delete a file using the "Shift + Delete" key combination (the "Shift" keys are highlighted in green), the file will be deleted bypassing the trash can, i.e. it will no longer be possible to restore it from the basket.
The key highlighted in blue only works if the Num Lock key is off (no light is on).
In addition, the "Del" key is used in combination with the "Ctrl" and "Alt" keys (highlighted in green). Pressing the Ctrl + Alt + Del key combination will open the Task Manager.
Cursor keys - arrows.
With these keys MOVES CURSOR... A cursor is a blinking vertical bar in text editors or a highlighted rectangle in any file manager.
The keys highlighted in blue work only when the Num Lock key is off (no light is on).
The cursor keys can be used in combination with the Shift and Ctrl keys (highlighted in green). This is especially useful in text editors.
The key combination "Shift + right / left arrow" - selection of one character to the right / left.
The key combination "Ctrl + right / left arrow" - moves the cursor one word to the right / left.
The key combination "Shift + arrow up / down" - selection of one line up / down.
The key combination "Ctrl + up / down arrow" - moves the cursor one paragraph / line up / down.
BackSpace or Left Arrow key. Reads like "Backspace".
With this key you can DELETE one character to the left, or all of the selected text.
V file managers this button is used to move up one level (one folder). In photo viewers, go back one photo.
The combination of keys "Alt + BackSpacr" - cancellation of the previous action. The same as "Ctrl + Z".
Enter key. Reads like "Enter".
There are two "Enter" keys on the keyboard. If you often work with numbers on the numeric keypad, then I recommend that you use the "Enter" key, which is located in the lower right part of the keyboard.
The Enter key is used to CONFIRMATIONS any action to open files, to launch programs, to move to a new line.
Shift keys. It reads like "Shift".
The Shift key is used TO SWITCH REGISTER characters. Those. if the "Shift" key is pressed, then the letters will be printed in capital letters. Like this: SHIFT KEY.
In addition, the Shift key is often used in combination with the Ctrl and Alt keys. For example, the key combinations "Ctrl + Shift" or "Alt + Shift" switch keyboard layouts.
Keys "Ctrl". Reads like "Control".
Alt keys. Reads like "Alt".
I have combined the meanings of these keys, since they are really the same. These keys are used FOR EXPANDING FUNCTIONALITY other keys, i.e. the "Ctrl" and "Alt" keys are used IN COMBINATIONS with other keys to perform any action.
"Context Menu" key.
With this key THE CONTEXT MENU CALLS UP is exactly the same as if you pressed the RIGHT mouse button. The menu will correspond to the program in which you are working, i.e. active program. Or if you press this button while on the "Desktop", the menu corresponding to the active element of the Desktop will open.
Windows or Win key.
Pressing this key opens the main Windows menu - the menu of the START button.
In addition, this key is used in Windows in combination with other keys to make it easier and faster to launch programs or perform actions.
For example, the key combination "Win + D" is to minimize all windows.
The key combination "Win + E" - launches "Explorer". And so on. I'll do a separate lesson about key combinations.
Space key.
This key is used FOR SEPARATION between each other symbols, words, i.e. to insert a space character - indentation.
By the way, if the replace mode is enabled (using the "Insert" key), the "Space" key works like the "Delete" key, i.e. erases the character on the right.
Sometimes the "Space" key is used to confirm any action, ie. like the Enter key.
Caps Lock key. It reads like "Caps Lock".
Caps Lock key, same as Shift used TO SWITCH REGISTER characters. Those. if the "Caps Lock" key is on (the corresponding indicator is on), then the letters will be printed in capital letters. Like this: THE CAPS LOCK KEY.
The "Tab" key. Reads as "Tab".
Using this key, you can create a "red line" in text editors, i.e. pressing this button inserts multiple "space" characters at once.
Using this button, you can bypass all contextual elements of the active window. This is useful when the mouse suddenly stops working or does not exist at all for some reason. To make it clearer, go to Explorer and press the "Tab" key, you will see how the cursor jumps from one contextual element to another.
Another key "Tab" is used in combination with the "Alt" key to switch tasks in Windows.
Now, as I promised, I will tell you how to display all the characters drawn on the key.
For example, let's take the "?" Key located near the right "Shift" key.
There are as many as four characters per key. The secret is in the Shift key and keyboard layout.
Those. to display "." (dots) Russian keyboard layout must be enabled.
To display "," (comma), press this key together with the "Shift" key in the Russian keyboard layout.
To display "/" (slash), you must switch to the English layout and press this key. To display "?" (question mark) press this key together with the "Shift" key in the English layout. That's the whole secret.
Likewise, with other keys on which several characters are drawn. For some special national symbols, you need to switch accordingly to the national layout.
Key labels on the keyboard
F1 - calls Windows "help" or the help window of the active program. V Microsoft Word the key combination Shift + F1 shows text formatting;
F2 - renames the selected object on the desktop or in the explorer window;
F3- opens a search window for a file or folder on the desktop and in explorer. The Shift + F3 key combination is often used to search backward;
F4- opens a drop-down list, for example, a list of the address bar in the 'My Computer' window or in Explorer. The keyboard shortcuts Alt + F4 in Windows are used to close applications, and Ctrl + F4- to close part of a document or program (for example, tabs) ;
F5- Refreshes the active window of the open web page, desktop, explorer, and so on. V Microsoft PowerPoint F5 starts showing the slideshow from the beginning, and the key combination Shift + F5− from the current slide;
F6-switch between screen elements in a window or
on your desktop. In File Explorer and Internet Explorer - move between the main part
windows and address bar;
F7 - checks spelling (in Word, Excel);
F8- when loading the operating system, selects the boot mode.
V Word editor includes advanced text selection.
The selection of a fragment from the initial to the final position of the cursor occurs without holding down the Shift key.
Pressing F8 again selects the word closest to the cursor.
The third is a sentence containing it.
Fourth paragraph. Fifth, the document.
You can remove the last selection by pressing the Shift + F8 keyboard shortcut.
You can disable the mode by pressing Esc;
F9 - in some programs updates the selected fields;
F10- activates the full menu, and the key combination Shift + F10 activates context menu;
F11- moves the window to full screen mode and vice versa, for example, in Internet Explorer;
F12- go to the choice of parameters for saving the file
(File -> Save As).
In a standard PC / AT keyboard, the alphanumeric block consists of 47 keys and includes keys for entering letters, numbers, punctuation, arithmetic, and special characters... The effect of these keys depends on the register (lower - upper) in which these keys are pressed.
The control keys Shift, Ctrl, Caps Lock, Alt and AltGr (right Alt) are also called modifier keys, since they are intended
to change the actions of other keys.
Shift (read "Shift") - upper case key (non-fixed switching). Used in conjunction with other keys, such as alphanumeric keys for dialing capital letters and uppercase characters.
In addition, the Shift key is used as a modifier in keyboard shortcuts and mouse clicks. For example, in order to open the link in a separate window in the browser, you need to click on the link with the mouse button,
while holding down the Shift key.
Ctrl (read "control") - used in combination with other keys, for example:
Ctrl + A- on Windows selects all text in the window;
Ctrl + B- in MS Word editor switches the font to bold-normal;
Ctrl + С- in programs with WinAPI copies the text to the clipboard, and in console programs - ends the command;
Ctrl + F- in many programs calls the search dialog;
Ctrl + I- in MS Word editor switches the font to "italic-normal";
Ctrl + N- in programs with a multi-window interface opens a new empty window;
Ctrl + O- in many programs calls the dialog for opening an existing file;
Ctrl + P- in many programs sends text to print or calls the print dialog;
Ctrl + Q- exit from it in some programs;
Ctrl + R- in browsers refreshes the content of the window;
Ctrl + S- saves the current file in many programs
or calls the save dialog;
Ctrl + T- opens a new tab in browsers;
Ctrl + U- in MS Word editor toggles text underlines;
Ctrl + V- in programs with WinAPI pastes the contents of the clipboard;
Ctrl + W- closes the current window in some programs;
Ctrl + Z- in many programs cancels the last action;
Ctrl + F5- in browsers refreshes the content;
Ctrl + Home- in programs with a text field, goes to the beginning of the edited document;
Ctrl + End- in programs with a text field makes a transition to the end of the edited document;
Ctrl + - in Total commander makes a transition to the root directory of the disk.
Alt (read "Alt") - used in conjunction with other keys, modifying their action. For example:
Alt + F4- closes them in all programs;
Alt + F7- in some programs calls the search dialog;
Alt + F10- in some file managers calls the directory tree;
Alt + Tab- in Windows switches to the next running window;
Alt + letter - in some programs calls menu commands or opens menu columns.
In addition, the keyboard shortcuts Alt + Shift or Ctrl + Shift are commonly used to switch keyboard layouts.
Capslock (read "Kapslok") - transition to upper case mode (fixed switching). Pressing the key again cancels this mode. Used when typing in CAPITAL letters.
Control key Esc (read "Escape"), used to cancel the current operation or last change, minimizing the application, moving to the previous menu or screen, or deselecting the selection, located in the left corner of the keyboard next to the function key block.
In the operating system Windows combination Pressing Ctrl + Shift + Esc brings up the Task Manager.
Tab (reads "Tab") - in text editors enters a tab character and works with indents, and in graphical interfaces moves focus between elements. For example, moving between the desktop, the Start button, the Quick start», The taskbar and the system tray.
AppsKey is equivalent to right-clicking and brings up a context menu
for the selected object.
Linefeed Enter key - is used to enter a linefeed when typing text, select a menu item, submit a command for execution or confirm an action, and so on.
Backspace (reads "Backspace") - in the text editing mode deletes the character to the left of the cursor, and outside the typing area - returns to the previous program screen or web page in the browser.
Delete (reads "Divides") - deletes the selected object, the selected text fragment
or the character to the right of the input cursor.
The Insert key (read "Insert") is used to switch between the modes of insertion (as it were, the text moves apart) and replacement (new characters replace the existing text) when editing text.
The shortcut keys Ctrl + Insert replaces the "copy" command, and Shift + Insert - "paste". In file Total managers Commander and FAR Manager the key is used to highlight a file or folder.
PrtScn ( print screen) (read "Print screen") - takes a screenshot and places it on the clipboard. In combination with the Alt key, a snapshot is copied to the clipboard
the currently active window.
The ScrLk (Scroll Lock) service key (read "Scroll Lock") blocks scrolling and when it is activated with the cursor keys, the contents of the entire screen are shifted, which is very convenient when editing large tables, for example, in Excel.
Pause / Break (read "Pause" or "Break") - pauses the computer. In modern operating systems this key is only relevant when the computer boots up.
The up, down, right and left arrows refer to the cursor control keys and allow you to navigate through the menu items, move the input cursor to the corresponding side by one position. Combined with the Ctrl key, the arrows move to a greater distance. For example, in Microsoft Word, Ctrl + ← moves the cursor one word to the left.
WITH with the Shift key a block of text is highlighted.
The Home and End keys move the cursor to the beginning and end of the current line in a document or file list.
What hotkeys are useful to know.
The keyboard shortcut Ctrl + Shift + Esc is irreplaceable when the computer freezes, it calls the "Task Manager", with which you can end the process, remove the task or shut down the computer.
Alt + Tab keys allow you to switch between open windows... A panel appears in the center of the screen with all open applications, and when you select the active window, you need to press the Tab key several times without releasing the Alt key.
The Alt + Space combination (space) opens the window's system menu, with which you can restore, move, maximize, minimize and close the window without using the mouse.
Alt + Shift or Ctrl + Shift - switch keyboard layout.
Using Win + D, you can minimize all windows and show the desktop, and the Win + M keys minimize all windows except dialog ones.
Win + E opens the My Computer folder.
Win + F - open a window to search for a file or folder.
There are keys on the laptop keyboard, more precisely, the designations on the keys, the meaning of which is incomprehensible to a beginner. In this lesson, I want to clarify the meaning of such symbols. If you look at the laptop keyboard, you will certainly see the key on it. "Fn", it is usually located in the lower left corner of the keyboard. Inscription "Fn" usually highlighted in blue or surrounded by a white border, depending on the laptop model. In addition, if you look closely, you can see the icons on the keyboard are also highlighted in blue or outlined with a white frame. As you probably already guessed between the keys with these icons and the key "Fn" there is a connection.
The Fn key (read Funshine) in combination with the keys with blue or white-framed icons causes the computer to perform a specific action. On different models laptops, these icons are assigned to different keys, so I will describe the actions in pictures, so as not to be tied to a specific key combination. Here is a list of these combinations and the corresponding actions:
"Fn"+ - Calls help for the keyboard shortcut.
"Fn"+ - call up power consumption settings.
"Fn"+ - enable / disable BlueTooth.
"Fn"+ - enable / disable sleep mode.
"Fn"+ - if an external display (monitor or TV) is connected to the laptop, then using this key combination, you can switch display modes: to the laptop display, to an external display, or simultaneously to the laptop display and an external display.
"Fn"+ - turn off the laptop monitor in order to save energy.
"Fn"+ - enable / disable TouchPada (the device on which you move your finger to move the cursor. Replaces the mouse).
I have an interesting story with this keyboard shortcut. A friend of mine has been using a laptop for more than a year and somehow, when we met, he asked me to help figure out why the Touchpad does not work, i.e. without a mouse, he could not work on a laptop for a whole year!
Without hesitation, I pressed this key combination - turned on the Touchpad and everything worked. He was very surprised because thought the Touchpad was simply broken 🙂
"Fn"+ - turn on / off sound.
"Fn"+ - enable / disable mode numeric keypad... Those. if this mode is enabled, then when you press the keys that have blue number icons or numbers surrounded by a white frame, the corresponding numbers will be displayed (like on a calculator).
If you are interested in how to turn on the calculator on a laptop, then it is done like this. Start Menu - All Programs - Standard - Calculator.
I also have an interesting story with this keyboard shortcut. Somehow an acquaintance calls me and says that on his laptop one half of the keyboard (left) is working fine, and the other half (right) for some reason prints numbers and that he just didn’t do it, it’s impossible to fix it. As you already understood, the issue was resolved in 5 seconds - I told him about this key combination, and everything fell into place. How he turned on the mode for working with numbers remains a mystery 🙂
"Fn"+ - enable / disable screen movement mode. Currently works only in Excel.
"Fn"+ - number 7 when NumLk mode is on.
"Fn"+ - digit 8 when NumLk mode is on.
"Fn"+ - number 9 when NumLk mode is on.
"Fn"+ - symbol "/" when the NumLk mode is on.
"Fn"+ - number 4 when NumLk mode is on.
"Fn"+ - digit 5 when NumLk mode is on.
"Fn"+ - digit 6 when NumLk mode is on.
"Fn"+ - symbol "*" when NumLk mode is on.
"Fn"+ - digit 1 when NumLk mode is on.
"Fn"+ - number 2 when NumLk mode is on.
"Fn"+ - digit 3 when NumLk mode is on.
"Fn"+ - symbol "-" when the NumLk mode is on.
"Fn"+ - digit 0 when NumLk mode is on.
"Fn"+ - “+” symbol when NumLk mode is on.
"Fn"+ - increase the brightness of the monitor.
"Fn"+ - decrease the brightness of the monitor.
"Fn"+ - increase the sound.
"Fn"+ - decrease the sound.
This article focuses on the problem when the computer freezes and you do not know which keys to press on the keyboard to restart or shut down the computer. So, let's say your computer is already frozen. Here's what you need to do:
Give the computer some time
You should wait first. Just give your computer a few minutes to process all the data and tasks. If the computer is old or slow enough, it may take a while to process a complex task.
The computer froze?
If nothing happens for a long time, you should make sure that the computer still freezes. You can do this by pressing the Caps Lock button on your keyboard. If the indicator (light) comes on or goes out, it means that the computer continues to work. In this case, proceed to the next step.
If the light does not light up (or does not go out), then the computer is frozen and you need to restart it. Skip the next step and proceed to instructions on how to restart your computer if it freezes.
End the task of the unresponsive program
If Caps Lock turns on and off, then the computer is still working, but another program may not respond, thereby causing the computer to freeze. In this case, you need to press Ctrl + Alt + Del on your keyboard to open the Windows Task Manager. Then highlight the program that is not responding and select End Task.
If Task Manager opens but your computer still freezes, it is possible that you have a problem with your mouse.
How to restart your computer if it freezes
If none of the above methods helped, you must restart your computer. To restart your computer if it freezes, you need to press and hold the power button until the computer turns off. The power button should be on the computer case, or on top of the keyboard if you are using a laptop.
When the computer has completely shut down, wait a few seconds, then turn it back on.
Note: When you turn on the computer after restarting, you may see a screen asking if you want to start the computer in safe mode or start Windows normally. Select the "Start Windows normally" option and check if the computer is running.
Take your computer to a service center
If none of the above methods helped with your problem, we recommend that you take the computer to service center... A specialist will diagnose and fix the problem.
Thank you for the attention! Now you know what keys to press if the computer freezes, and how to turn off or restart the computer when it freezes.
F1 - calls Windows "help" or the help window of the active program. In Microsoft Word, the Shift + F1 key combination displays text formatting;
F2 - renames the selected object on the desktop or in the explorer window;
F3- opens a search window for a file or folder on the desktop and in explorer. The Shift + F3 key combination is often used to search backward;
F4- opens a drop-down list, for example, the list of the address bar in the window ‘My computer’ or in the explorer. The keyboard shortcuts Alt + F4 in Windows are used to close applications, and Ctrl + F4− to close a part of a document or program (for example, tabs);
F5- Refreshes the active window of the open web page, desktop, explorer, and so on. In Microsoft PowerPoint, F5 starts the slideshow from the beginning, and the Shift + F5− key combination starts from the current slide;
F6-switch between screen elements in a window or on the desktop. In Explorer and Internet Explorer, move between the main part of the window and the address bar;
F7 - checks spelling (in Word, Excel);
F8- when loading the operating system, selects the boot mode.
In the Word editor, includes enhanced text selection.
The selection of a fragment from the initial to the final position of the cursor occurs without holding down the Shift key.
Pressing F8 again selects the word closest to the cursor. The third is a sentence containing it. Fourth - paragraph. Fifth is the document.
You can remove the last selection by pressing the Shift + F8 keyboard shortcut.
You can disable the mode by pressing Esc;
F9 - in some programs updates the selected fields;
F10- activates the full menu, and the key combination Shift + F10 activates the context menu;
F11 - switches the window to full screen mode and back, for example, in Internet Explorer;
F12- go to the choice of parameters for saving the file (File -> Save as).
In a standard PC / AT keyboard, the alphanumeric block consists of 47 keys and includes keys for entering letters, numbers, punctuation, arithmetic, and special characters. The effect of these keys depends on the register (lower - upper) in which these keys are pressed.
The control keys Shift, Ctrl, Caps Lock, Alt and AltGr (right Alt) are also called modifier keys, since they are designed to change the actions of other keys.
Shift (read "Shift") - upper case key (non-fixed switching). Used in conjunction with other keys, such as alphanumeric keys for uppercase letters and uppercase letters.
In addition, the Shift key is used as a modifier in keyboard shortcuts and mouse clicks. For example, to open a link in a separate window in a browser, you need to click on the link with the mouse button while holding down the Shift key.
Ctrl (read "control") - used in combination with other keys, for example:
Ctrl + A- on Windows selects all text in the window;
Ctrl + B- in MS Word editor switches the font to bold-normal;
Ctrl + С- in programs with WinAPI copies the text to the clipboard, and in console programs - ends the command;
Ctrl + F- in many programs calls the search dialog;
Ctrl + I- in MS Word editor switches the font to "italic-normal";
Ctrl + N- in programs with a multi-window interface opens a new empty window;
Ctrl + O- in many programs calls the dialog for opening an existing file;
Ctrl + P- in many programs sends text to print or calls the print dialog;
Ctrl + Q- exit from it in some programs;
Ctrl + R- in browsers refreshes the content of the window;
Ctrl + S- in many programs saves the current file or calls the save dialog; the meaning of the computer keyboard keys
Ctrl + T- opens a new tab in browsers;
Ctrl + U- in MS Word editor toggles text underlines;
Ctrl + V- in programs with WinAPI pastes the contents of the clipboard;
Ctrl + W- closes the current window in some programs;
Ctrl + Z- in many programs cancels the last action;
Ctrl + F5- in browsers refreshes the content;
Ctrl + Home- in programs with a text field, goes to the beginning of the edited document;
Ctrl + End- in programs with a text field makes a transition to the end of the edited document;
Ctrl + - in Total Commander switches to the root directory of the disk.
Alt (read "Alt") - used in conjunction with other keys, modifying their action. For example:
Alt + F4- closes them in all programs;
Alt + F7- in some programs calls the search dialog;
Alt + F10- in some file managers calls the directory tree;
Alt + Tab- in Windows switches to the next running window;
Alt + letter - in some programs calls menu commands or opens menu columns.
In addition, the keyboard shortcuts Alt + Shift or Ctrl + Shift are commonly used to switch keyboard layouts.
Capslock (read "Kapslok") - transition to upper case mode (fixed switching). Pressing the key again cancels this mode. Used when typing in CAPITAL letters.
The control key Esc (read "Escape"), used to cancel the current operation or the last change, minimize the application, go to the previous menu or screen, or deselect, is located in the left corner of the keyboard next to the block of function keys.
In the operating room Windows system the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + Shift + Esc brings up the Task Manager.
Tab (read "Tab") - in text editors enters a tab character and works with indents, and in graphical interfaces moves focus between elements. For example, moving between the desktop, the Start button, the Quick Launch bar, the taskbar, and the system tray.
The AppsKey key is the same as right-clicking and brings up the context menu for the selected item.
Linefeed Enter key - is used to enter a linefeed when typing text, select a menu item, submit a command for execution or confirm an action, and so on.
Backspace (reads "Backspace") - in the text editing mode deletes the character to the left of the cursor, and outside the typing area - returns to the previous program screen or web page in the browser.
Delete (read "Divides") - deletes the selected object, selected text fragment or character to the right of the input cursor.
The Insert key (read "Insert") is used to switch between the modes of insertion (as it were, the text moves apart) and replacement (new characters replace the existing text) when editing text.
The shortcut keys Ctrl + Insert replaces the "copy" command, and Shift + Insert - "paste". In the file managers Total Commander and FAR Manager, the key is used to select a file or folder.
PrtScn (print screen) (reads "Print screen") - takes a screenshot and places it on the clipboard. In combination with the Alt key, a snapshot of the currently active window is copied to the clipboard.
The ScrLk (Scroll Lock) service key (read "Scroll Lock") blocks scrolling and when it is activated with the cursor keys, the contents of the entire screen are shifted, which is very convenient when editing large tables, for example, in Excel.
Pause / Break (read "Pause" or "Break") - pauses the computer. In modern operating systems, this key is relevant only during computer startup.
The up, down, right and left arrows refer to the cursor control keys and allow you to navigate through the menu items, move the input cursor to the corresponding side by one position. Combined with the Ctrl key, the arrows move to a greater distance. For example, in Microsoft Word, Ctrl + ← moves the cursor one word to the left.
With the Shift key, a block of text is selected.
The Home and End keys move the cursor to the beginning and end of the current line in a document or file list.
What hotkeys are useful to know
The keyboard shortcut Ctrl + Shift + Esc is irreplaceable when the computer freezes, it calls the "Task Manager", with which you can end the process, remove the task or shut down the computer.
Alt + Tab lets you switch between open windows. A panel with all open applications appears in the center of the screen, and when you select the active window, you need to press the Tab key several times without releasing the Alt key.
The Alt + Space combination (space) opens the window's system menu, with which you can restore, move, maximize, minimize and close the window without using the mouse.
Alt + Shift or Ctrl + Shift - switch keyboard layout.
Using Win + D, you can minimize all windows and show the desktop, and the Win + M keys minimize all windows except dialog ones.
Win + E opens the My Computer folder.
Win + F - open a window to search for a file or folder.
Meaning of computer keyboard keys
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