How to use a search magnet. Buy a search magnet or not? Differences from a metal detector

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Search magnets have appeared on "Survival" ... I think that simple advice about its choice will be useful to many. The topic is new, after all.

The mass production of powerful magnets for household and industrial needs began more than seven years ago. At the same time, magnets found recognition among treasure hunters, who began to use this device for their own purposes, such as: searching for and raising metal objects in places difficult to reach for metal detectors, etching rivers and other bodies of water, clearing the ground from small iron, preparing a place for searching with a metal detector, removal of iron from littered areas, as well as when excavating an old foundation, determining the magnetism of stones (to find out if they are fragments of a meteorite).
Search magnet Is a fully galvanized device consisting of a body (steel N10) and, in fact, the magnet itself (Fe-Nd-B alloy), most often equipped with a special eye-bolt to which a cable is attached. The gap between the body and the magnet is filled with a special epoxy glue, which allows the device to be used in both fresh and seawater.

The search magnet can be stored and used at +/- 50 ° C. When the magnet is heated above 80 ° C, it can be demagnetized. If the temperature conditions are observed, no more than two percent of the nominal value is lost by the magnet over ten years of operation. Today's search equipment market provides a huge variety of magnets. The main thing in this variety is to choose a magnetic device that meets exactly your needs and physical capabilities. 1. When choosing a search magnet, first of all, it is necessary to be guided by the force of its separation: the minimum holding weight is 30 kg, the maximum is 800 kg. The weight is indicated in the name of the model, for example, F = 400 (where 400 is the pull-off force of this model). Most often, treasure hunters prefer 80–400 kg models of magnets. Moreover, magnetic devices up to 150 kg., Called by professionals "expedition magnets", are used to a greater extent for work on land, in particular for cleaning the surface of metal debris. But the main function of magnetic devices over 150 kg., Actually "search", is to search for and lift iron objects from the bottom of reservoirs, rivers, lakes, etc. Eight hundred kilogram magnets, which are very bulky and inconvenient (due to their rectangular shape and two eye bolts instead of one), are rarely used by search engines. 2. The maximum magnetic force is achieved under ideal conditions: if the contact areas are located on short distance and perpendicular to each other, the object has a clean and smooth surface and its steel coating thickness is 5 millimeters. Thus, when choosing a magnet, the errors of the surfaces of objects are also taken into account, associated with rust, irregularities, the thickness of the metal component, the magnetic properties of some metals (for example, the stainless steel magnet is somewhat weaker relative to iron), etc. 3. Also, when choosing a magnet, it should be borne in mind that a very heavy magnet will quickly tire, therefore, it is better to give preference to a magnet that has less weight, but more power.
The most optimal and most popular search magnets have the following characteristics: F = 80-400, weight - 130-1400 grams, height - 18-34 millimeters, diameter - 120-220 millimeters.

They were known to mankind for a long time, but thanks to the development of industry, they were widely used only at the end of the 19th century. Along with production tasks, ferrimagnetic materials are used in everyday life. One of the interesting, and most importantly - profitable ways is the search for metal objects. Before you figure out what a search magnet is, you need to know its main characteristics and properties.

Manufacturing materials

Most of the magnets for practical use are artificial alloys. Natural materials, in particular magnetic iron ore, do not have the required properties. They have small indicators of breakout force, susceptibility to rapid destruction as a result of mechanical stress. Therefore, for industrial purposes, ferrites are often used, placed in the manufacturing process in their service life can be calculated in decades, and without loss of operational properties.

Unlike industrial designs, household magnet designs are simple. Due to their small size, a neodymium alloy - N-Fe-B is often used for their manufacture. To improve mechanical strength and reduce cost, iron and boron are added to the material. The result is a neodymium magnet, the search potential of which is still being revealed.

Their scope is wide:

• Furniture industry - door clamps.
• Security systems - in combination with sensors.
• Calculation of angular velocity or angular position - apply in conjunction with
• In search and archaeological expeditions.

A rather interesting niche was also found for private use. In regions with a rich historical past, you can make a search magnet with your own hands and practice practical archeology.

Security measures

Not many people know that certain rules must be followed to work with magnets. In most cases, large models have qualities that can harm both humans and technology.

Therefore, you should adhere to the following safety measures:

1. Prepare a special container, the material of manufacture of which does not have magnetic properties. It can be wood or thick-walled polymer. Place a warning sign on the surface.
2. For normal operation of electronic devices, the minimum distance from the magnet should be 10-20 cm.
3. Force fields negatively affect the operation of the pacemaker.
4. The space between the magnet and the metal must be free. Failure to do so may result in trapped limb injuries.

Design

For prospecting works it is necessary to carefully consider the design and take into account the specifics of operation. It is not enough to take the finished product, fasten it on a strong rope and go out into the fields in search of treasures.

If you need to make a search magnet with your own hands, then a drawing is preliminarily drawn up. It indicates the overall dimensions of all elements, material and method of their assembly. By following this simple step, many mistakes can be avoided. For example, if one part of the magnet is to be open, then the method of attaching it to the protective casing is not taken into account.

The best option- the protective shell completely repeats the shape of the product. In this case, the likelihood of damage to it during transportation or during the search process is reduced.

Before manufacturing, you need to decide on technical characteristics, which directly depend on the overall dimensions.

Options

With an increase in the linear dimensions of the magnet, its performance indicators increase. Depending on the task at hand, you should carefully approach the choice, since the cost of various models can range from $ 30 to $ 300.

But what is a search magnet without the proper gear?

Body and lifting elements

The protective shell is made of durable material. The best option is turning the steel billet with subsequent galvanizing. Such a product will become reliable protection against mechanical damage, and due to the surface layer will not corrode for a long time.

Methods for attaching the magnet to the housing can be varied. But the most popular and practical are:

1. Manufacturing of a closed structure with a threaded cover. Its tightness makes it possible not to be afraid of the harmful effects of water, even sea water.
2. Fixing with epoxy glue.

You can make a do-it-yourself search magnet in other ways. The main thing is to observe safety precautions and take care of the reliability of the entire structure.

For lifting, a strong cord is usually used, the breaking force of which should be at least three times the weight of the holding.

Practical use

But what is a search magnet without interesting finds? Due to its specific properties, it can be used where conventional metal detectors fail - in the aquatic environment. With the proper skill, a large area of ​​the river bottom can be thoroughly explored in a day. Considering the huge historical past of almost every region of the country, there is sure to be a unique specimen from the past centuries.

But you should not indulge yourself with the thought of imminent enrichment - the finds with a search magnet are diverse and far from always represent value. It takes literally shoveling the mouth of a river to find something worth seeing. Therefore, before starting a mini-expedition, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the history of the region in order to increase the likelihood of a successful "catch".

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Why do you need and how to choose a search magnet?

Surely you have already noticed that a mysterious group of goods has appeared in the assortment of stores for search engines. There are very few products in this group and they are all called Search Magnets. Let's figure out together why you need a search magnet.

Why are search magnets needed?

First of all, the search magnet is intended for screening hidden from conventional ways search for places. For example, a search magnet can be used to search the bottom of a well, pond, or small river. It is enough to tie a strong rope or cable to the search magnet and lower it into the magnet at the bottom of the reservoir or well. If there are objects made of iron, nickel and other magnetic materials at the bottom, then the search magnet will become magnetised to them and they can be easily reached without immersion in water. And what interesting can hide a village well or the bottom of a river in the area of ​​the crossing? Very interesting household items, as well as things that they tried to hide more reliably, for example, weapons hidden by deserters, partisans and other personalities with a darker past.

Another area the use of search magnets - clearing the prospective search site from iron debris. It is enough to drag the search magnet along the surface of the earth so that it collects from the surface all the nails, pieces of steel wire, steel plugs and other search debris that littered fields, abandoned houses and settlements.

Search magnet can also be used when searching with a metal detector. If the signal of the metal detector disappeared after you dug a small hole, then the search engine will help you quickly find the iron "debris" in the screenings or in the hole. What should you know when choosing a search magnet? The most important characteristic the search magnet is its magnetic strength. In order to make the value of the magnetic force more clear to the buyer, it is expressed in kilograms. Search magnets have a magnetic strength of 60 to 600 kilograms. The most popular magnets among lovers of search are magnets for 200, 300 kilograms they have reasonable price, and are convenient to use. More powerful magnets of 500 kilograms or more are in less demand. It seems that you can get from the bottom of the river weighing half a ton. But such powerful magnets are needed for clearer fixation to thin metal with bends or to metal surfaces. small size... For the accuracy of the description, it should be added that the testing and determination of the magnetic force of the search magnet takes place on a clean milled steel sheet with a thickness of 8-10 mm. Therefore, the search magnet must be purchased with a margin.

When choosing a search magnet you need to choose a magnet that has a device for removing the magnet from a piece of metal to which it is magnetized. Otherwise, removing the magnet from the metal will take much longer than the search itself. Most often, the device for removing the magnet from metal is an eyebolt. The eye bolt performs two roles at once - a convenient place for attaching a rope or cable and a simple device for removing a magnet from metal. It is enough to screw the eyebolt into the body of the search magnet all the way to the stop and it can be easily removed from the found metal.

Search magnets come in single and double-sided versions. Double-sided magnets are more convenient and have greater efficiency, due to the fact that they can be magnetized to the "target" on two sides, rather than one.

Selection of accompanying accessories for working with the search magnet

If you are going to use the search magnet to search at the bottom of reservoirs or wells, as well as to lift finds to the surface, then you will have to additionally buy a strong rope and a winch for the magnet! Yes, the winch! How are you going to get your magnet from the bottom of the swamp if it gets caught on a drowned tank? Of course, none of the search magnets will pull the tank out, it's like pulling a "hippopotamus out of a swamp". But it is also impossible to leave a magnet at the bottom due to a broken rope. Therefore, if you purchased a 200 kilogram magnet, then it is advisable to use it with a 250-500 kilogram rope and a similar winch. And of course, do not forget to take with you a key or a sturdy knob for screwing in the eyebolt, otherwise you risk returning home with a magnetized anvil.

Usually, powerful magnets are used to find precious metals. The search magnet reacts to gold and silver quite strongly, and although it is difficult to find them in their pure form, its power is enough to pick up jewelry and coins from the ground. The main goal of all search engines is treasures, expensive coins, and sometimes just black metal.

The article will describe the device of the magnet and the basic principle of operation. It will also figure out what exactly with its help you can find and how to find expensive alloys. It will explain in detail what ferromagnets, paramagnets and diamagnets are. In addition, valuable tips and tricks will be provided, which will greatly simplify the search for valuable items.

Search magnet device

This device consists of a steel case, inside which there is a neodymium magnet. It is made from a rare alloy containing neodymium, iron and boron. Such a compound has a powerful attractive property. Despite its compactness, it is able to hold things tens of times its own weight.

For the convenience of getting various things, a special mount is provided in the case. It is screwed into the magnet body by means of a thread. On top of the fastener - there is an attachment in the form of a hook or loop that will hold the cable or rope. This mount has a rigid base, which is firmly screwed into the body. The whole structure has a reliable foundation, and in this case, it is not scary to lift any expensive and heavy thing.

Principle of operation

The search magnet has a rather meager functionality. The main task of such an object is to attract as many metal objects as possible. But the device copes with its main task more than well. Due to its unique design, it has great strength and is able to hold rather large objects, as well as objects containing gold or silver, which ordinary magnets do not take.

This is especially useful when retrieving things from wells, funnels and various pits. It is also good to use such a thing underwater. In the water, a lot of resistance acts on all objects, and picking up any object becomes a rather laborious task. But with a neodymium magnet, finding and retrieving such items is greatly simplified.

What items can be found

In the question of what things can be found with a search magnet, iron objects, including coins, immediately come to mind. Almost all paramagnetic metals can be found. Simply put, materials that are attracted to the case of magnets, but more on that later. Such coins, or precious metals, can be of great value. For example, you can find iron coins from the period of Tsarist Russia, and many rare Soviet coins.

Powerful magnets can attract metals such as:

aluminum

Most searches are carried out in attics, in various beaches and public places where people can lose things, as well as in wells and pits. In such places, they usually find costume jewelry, expensive jewelry, various metal boxes, and sometimes even expensive mobile devices(on the beach). This is about finding things on land.

As far as water is concerned, there are also many valuable items to be found, including gold jewelry. Also, thanks to superstition, you can raise a fortune of coins from the bottom. Moreover, there is no need to get coins from city fountains, since there are quite a few abandoned wells that no one needs, but keep precious things in themselves.

Does a magnet attract gold and silver

Is it possible to find pure gold or silver, powerful magnets. No, since such metals are diamagnetic, that is, they are not attracted to magnets. But not everything is so bad, thanks to all the power of neodymium alloy, it is possible to get some jewelry. Such items usually have a ligature in them.

This alloy helps precious metals such as gold or silver to acquire certain properties. For example, silver jewelry does not darken so much, and jewelry made of gold is more durable. But the most important thing is that the ligature allows magnetization, and makes it possible to find various alloys.

But there is also an opportunity to find pure gold or silver. At the beginning of the article, it was said that iron boxes can be found. Usually jewelry made of gold or silver is stored in such cases. So walking in the attic or similar places, you can "get rich" well, in the truest sense of the word.

Magnetic properties of various metals

In order to go hunting for valuable metals, you need to know what exactly will be attracted to the magnet. Since metals have different magnetic properties, and some do not. They can be divided into three groups:

ferromagnets

paramagnets

diamagnetics

Ferromagnets are metals with some of the best magnetic properties. These metals are highly magnetic. These include ferrous metal.

Paramagnets have the usual properties, they are readily attracted to a magnet, but have no magnetizing function. These include some alloys of jewelry and several types of non-ferrous metals.

And finally, diamagnets. Such alloys are extremely difficult to give in to the magnetic field and greatly complicate the search for truly precious things. Diamagnets include gold, silver, aluminum, patina and other metals that even the strongest magnet does not take.

Can you find gold with a magnet?

As discussed earlier, jewelry and gold coins can be picked up, but very problematic.

It is impossible to get pure gold with a magnet.

But if different factors are favorable, such as an iron box or paramagnetic jewelry lying nearby, then there is a chance to find it. Basically, only jewelry with gold content, such as bracelets, earrings and rings, can be caught on a magnet. The best place for searches there is a sandy beach, wells, as well as the sea or river bottom, where a large number of people swim.

Treasures, treasures, hiding places, jewelry ... These words breathe adventure, adventurism, romance.

Who in childhood did not dream of finding treasures?

Some adults have kept their childhood dreams and put them into practice by hunting for treasure.

Like all enthusiastic people, amateur search engines have their own interest clubs and communities. There they exchange experience, discuss search devices, make collective sorties.

Modern metal detecting devices help treasure hunters. One such device is a search magnet. Further about it in detail.

The search magnet is capable of locating, grasping and lifting metal objects, whose weight is much larger than the device itself 50-100 times. In another way, the device is called an eternal or powerful magnet.

The working body consists of a niodimum magnet (contains Nd-Fe-B), enclosed in a glass-shaped turned body made of steel.

The body is zinc plated and the body is nickel, which allows use finder in water.

The housing protects and generates the magnetic field in the right direction. There are:

1. Unilateral- convenient for searching from a boat, pier, bridge.
2. Bilateral- have a universal purpose.
3. Trawls- good for surveying the bottom of water bodies.
4. Rods- for narrow and hard-to-reach places for ordinary magnets.

They also differ case diameter and magnetic force.

A special screw is screwed on top or side bolt(eyebolt) designed for cable or rope.

The second function of the bolt - with its help, the object is removed from the magnet.

To do this, the eyebolt is screwed completely into the body, after which the magnetized object can be removed.

Most Search Magnets afraid of high temperatures(over +80), with strong heating lose their functions.

It is easy to work with it: by attaching it to a rope or cable, it is simply lowered into the right place.

Differences from a metal detector

The fundamental difference is that the metal detector can only indicate the location of the object, and the magnet allows immediately "get" his. However, the magnet will not help when searching in the ground... Therefore, these two devices in the arsenal of the seeker are designed to complement each other, but not replace in any way.

Other distinctive features:

• magnet retains its function in the aquatic environment;
• no need to buy batteries or accumulators;
• absence sound signals that attract attention or "declassify" the seeker;
• do not take up much space, easy to take with you;
• subjects self-attracted;
• affordable cost;
• resistant to damage;
• long service life, subject to the rules of operation - they lose one percent strength in a hundred years.

Where can you apply?

Used to search for items located out of sight:

• in caves;
• mountain dips;
• wells;
• sewers;
• reservoirs;
• swamps.

A magnet will be a good help during archaeological excavations searching for items from the times of the war.

Usually used in tandem with a metal detector. With the help of a magnet, they collect excess, unnecessary metal, but which will be "distracted" when searching for a metal detector. Then the metal detector searches for more valuable alloys such as gold and silver.

Is it able to attract silver and gold?

Items that are made of metals that have ferromagnetic properties, can be attracted by such a magnet. For example, or.

Ferromagnetic properties are properties of base metals that allow them to "stick" to magnets with great force.

An urgent question - is it possible to lift objects made of precious metals using a magnet?

Perhaps, if the composition contains metals that react to magnetic attraction.

Special search magnet for gold and silver does not exist.

However, jewelry and coins from precious alloys can be obtained with its help, because they contain other elements that the magnet will attract.

For example: 585 gold is 58.5 percent out of a hundred gold. The remaining 41.5 percent is accounted for by other metals, including nickel.

Nickel is easily attracted to the magnet. However, in order for such a decoration to be lifted, there must be a touch to a jewelry find.

It's the same story with silver. If added to the alloy ligatures(metals added to jewelry to increase durability), objects or jewelry will be attracted.

Review of popular devices and their price

The leader in production is considered China... About 130 factories in China manufacture neodymium magnets.

V Of Russia these products are made by:

• research and production company "Supersystem", Moscow;
• ZAO NPO REDMAG, Kaluga;
• LLC "Plastic" in St. Petersburg;
• LLC Scientific and Production Company Magnets and Systems, St. Petersburg;
• company Nepra, Moscow region, Zheleznodorozhny;
• NPO "ERGA" in the city of Kaluga.