Presentation on the topic of people and information. Educational project "person and information". ACS - automated control systems - a set of hardware and software tools that, in interaction with a person, organize the management of objects in production
Plan 1. Information. 1. Information. 2. Types of information. 2. Types of information. 3. Functions of information. 3. Functions of information. 4. Actions with information. 4. Actions with information. 5. Languages of communication. 5. Languages of communication. 6. Means of transmission of information and exchange of information 6. Means of transmission of information and exchange of information 7. Scheme of information exchange. 7. Information exchange scheme. 5. Conclusion. 5. Conclusion. 6. List of used literature. 6. List of used literature.
1. Information is such a general and deep concept that it cannot be explained in one phrase. This word has different meanings in technology, science and in everyday situations. In everyday life, information is any data or information that interests anyone. For example, a message about any events, about someone's activities, etc. To inform "in this sense means" to inform something previously unknown. "1. Information is such a general and deep concept that it cannot be explained in one phrase. Different meanings are put into this word in technology, science and in everyday situations. any data or information that anyone is interested in. For example, reporting about any events, about someone's activity, etc. To inform "in this sense means" to inform something previously unknown ". 2. Information information about objects and phenomena environment, their parameters, properties and state, which are perceived Information Systems(living organisms, control machines, etc.) in the process of life and work. 2. Information information about objects and phenomena of the environment, their parameters, properties and condition, which are perceived by information systems (living organisms, control machines, etc.) in the process of life and work. 3. Information is information about someone or something, transmitted in the form of signs and signals. 4. Information is an intermediary between the subjective and objective worlds, information serves as the foundation, relying on which the subject chooses ways to change his environment, for which he spends his material and energy resources. Therefore, "the essence of the influence of information lies precisely in its ability to control material-energy processes, the parameters of which are many orders of magnitude higher than the information itself"
Types of information Information can exist in the form: Information can exist in the form of: texts, pictures, drawings, photographs; texts, pictures, drawings, photographs; light or sound signals; light or sound signals; radio waves; radio waves; electrical and nerve impulses; electrical and nerve impulses; magnetic records; magnetic records; gestures and facial expressions; gestures and facial expressions; smells and tastes; smells and tastes; chromosomes, through which the characteristics and properties of organisms are inherited, etc. chromosomes, through which the characteristics and properties of organisms are inherited, etc.
According to the form of organization, table-list is an unordered set row Surname01 / 0202/0203/02 Ivanov I. 11 Petrov P.1112 Sidorov S.0012 Ivanov I. Petrov I. Sidorov I. Fedorov F. Avdeev V. Gagarin Yu. A, B, C, G ... Yu, I
By application, all information can be divided into the following types: Mathematical information is any information related to numbers and formulas, it can be, in addition to the actual mathematical, and physical, and statistical information. Mathematical information can be processed using various calculating machines and devices and stored on paper in the form of records and books. Text information can be written on paper by hand or using typewriters and printing equipment and stored on paper (manuscripts, documents, books, newspapers, etc.). Graphic information can be processed using various visual means and methods (fine art, photography) and stored in the form of paintings, drawings, sculptures, photographs, etc. Audio information can be processed using tape recording and stored on magnetic tapes, records and audio CDs. Video information can be processed using film and video equipment and stored on film and videotapes.
Functions and properties of information Actions with information: Actions with information: Information can be: create, transmit, perceive, use, remember, receive, copy, formalize, distribute, transform, combine, process, divide into parts, simplify, collect, store, search , measure, destroy, etc. Information can be: create, transmit, perceive, use, memorize, receive, copy, formalize, distribute, transform, combine, process, divide into parts, simplify, collect, store, search, measure, destroy , etc. All these processes associated with certain operations with information are called information processes. All these processes associated with certain operations with information are called information processes. Information properties: reliability; completeness; value; timeliness; comprehensibility; availability; brevity, etc. Properties of information.doc Properties of information.doc
Information presentation picture-text diagram diagram table You can encode the message in writing. To do this, a deaf beat of a drum Let us denote a black circle, A voiced beat - a light Triangle Scheme of words _O_ Words: CAT CODE COM ROT ROUTE HOUSE Circular Column Code table sign code sign OOOOO DOO1 KO1O MO11 P1OO C1O1
bonfires bonfires tam-tam tam- tams sea flag alphabet sea flag alphabet semaphores, traffic lights semaphores, traffic lights telephone, telegraph, television telephone, telegraph, television mail mail transfer between computers transfer between computers
1. INTERNET resources: Textbook on computer science by N. Ugrinovich 3. Methodological manual on computer science (N. V. Matveeva, N. K. Konopatova, L. P. Pankratova, E. N. Chelak) 4. A manual for preparing for the exam - home tutor (A. E. Makarenko, A. M. Makhonko, V. A. Mashurtsev, R. A. Yuzbashyants)
Computer science is a relatively recent science. Its development is associated with the appearance in the middle of the twentieth century of electronic computers, which were powerful universal means for storing, processing and transmitting information.
The origins of computer science can be found in the mists of time. Many centuries ago, the need to express and remember information led to the emergence of speech, writing, and counting. People tried to invent and then improve the ways of storing, processing and distributing information. Until now, evidence of attempts by our distant ancestors to preserve information has been preserved - primitive rock paintings, records on birch bark and clay tablets, then handwritten books. The appearance in the 16th century of the printing press made it possible to significantly increase a person's ability to process the necessary information. This was an important stage in the development of mankind. Storing information in printed form became the main method of storing information and continued to remain so until the middle of the twentieth century. Only with the advent of computers did fundamentally new, much more effective ways storage of information.
Methods of transferring information developed. The primitive way of transmitting messages from person to person was replaced by a more progressive postal communication. Postal communication gave enough reliable way exchange of information. However, it should not be forgotten that only messages written on paper could be transmitted in this way. And most importantly, the speed of message transmission was comparable only to the speed of human movement. The invention of the telegraph and telephone gave fundamentally new possibilities for processing and transmitting information.
The advent of electronic computers made it possible to process and subsequently transmit information at a speed several million times higher than the speed of human processing and transmission of information.
Electronic computers and systems are the basis of informatics. Therefore, informatics is widely used in various areas of modern life: production, science, education and others.
Here are some examples. Every day we receive a weather forecast without even thinking how it was received. In fact, the task of weather forecasting is very difficult and time consuming. To solve it, it is necessary to collect and then analyze information coming from meteorological stations and satellites.
For this, methods of mathematical modeling of processes in the atmosphere and ocean are applied, complex systems equations. Then the results are presented in a human-friendly form. All these stages cannot be performed without using the methods and means of informatics. And even more so without using a computer.
Development modern science involves complex and expensive experiments, such as, for example, in the development of fusion reactors
Computer science makes it possible to replace real experiments with machine experiments. This saves enormous resources, makes it possible to process the results obtained using the most modern methods. In addition, such experiments take much less time than real ones. And in some areas of science, for example astrophysics, it is simply impossible to conduct a real experiment. Here, basically, all research is carried out through computational experiments.
There are many examples of the use of informatics in various spheres of life. Let's consider just one more example. For many years, and one can say even centuries, the training took place through direct communication between the teacher and the student. Later, a correspondence form of study appeared, which made it possible to study the necessary material on their own. But she also assumed, in the end, passing the exams directly to the teacher. So, fundamental innovations in the field of education have not been observed for a very long time. Changes began to be observed only with the advent of computers. The first attempts to use a computer in teaching were made in the seventies of the twentieth century and were not quite successful. This is due to the low productivity of technical and software tools that time. In addition, the programs did not allow taking into account the individual characteristics of the student. Today's generation tutorials offer the user a variety of customization options. And this means that when mastering the educational material, the student himself sets such things as the speed of study, the volume of the material, the degree of complexity of the course.
Numerous studies show that the method of teaching with computers is much more effective than the old traditional methods. It is difficult to compare these methods, however, it has been proven that attention is increased when working with a computer training program, and therefore the class time is reduced by about 30%.
For a long time, scientists have identified a connection between the way by which the material is mastered and the ability to restore this material in memory. So, when listening to lectures, only a quarter of the material heard remains in memory. If the same material is perceived visually, then up to a third of the information received remains in the memory. Using combined teaching methods, the share of the learned material reaches half. And only when the student takes an active part in the process of studying the material with the help computer programs, only then (as the latest scientific studies say) the share of the learned material reaches 75%.
It should be noted that training programs exist not only for training in educational institutions, but also for training and retraining of personnel of various companies, as well as for qualification tests.
Further development of informatics, like any other science, entails new achievements and discoveries. And, consequently, new areas of application, which may be difficult to imagine today.
Human and information
Subject, class
Computer science, biology, anatomy. 8th grade
Project annotation
The project is intended for 8th grade students on the topic "Information and information processes", it forms students' holistic ideas about the concepts of information and information processes, ways of presenting information, properties of information. The guys in the process of research reveal information in nature, society and technology. Investigate methods of encoding and decoding information, and also determine the units of measurement of information. The process of integration of the studied material in biology, anatomy, computer science is carried out on the basis of the generality of the object of study (information). This will help them answer the questions posed in the project.
Questions guiding the project
Fundamental question
Who rules the world?
Problematic issues
1) Why do people encode information?
2) Do the methods of encoding information depend on time and locality?
3) Why is it important to protect the genetic code?
4) What properties should a wikist article have?
5) Why did it become necessary to measure information?
6) Why are cyborg films popular?
Study questions
1) How did you communicate in antiquity?
2) What is genetic information?
3) Are there properties of the genetic code?
4) How do living organisms receive, transmit and use information?
5) What properties are inherent in information?
6) How is the amount of information measured?
7) What should be the properties of the information disseminated by the media?
8) What are the properties of information disseminated via the Internet?
9) How are information processes used in technology?
10) Why do we need robots?
Project plan
1. Formulation of the theme of the project, its goals, objectives.
2. Drawing up a business card of the project by the teacher, methodological and didactic materials for the project and placing them on the network.
3. Stages of project implementation.
Acquaintance with the project (introductory presentation), formulation of problems that will be solved in the project
Formation of research teams
The work of students in the search for materials for the project, information processing
Implementation of didactic assignments for the project
Joint discussion in groups of project results
Presentation of research results in the form of presentations and publications, wiki articles
Posting the results of students' work on the network
4. Presentation of the project results at the conference lesson.
5. Evaluation of the work on the project by the participants, the teacher.
6. Summing up
Teacher publication
Parent and Student Booklet
Teacher presentation to identify student perceptions and interests
Example of a student project activity product
Man in the world of information
Formative and summative assessment materials
At the beginning of the project activity, the initial knowledge of students is assessed (test). During the teacher's presentation, students express their assumptions about the concept of information, the properties of information. This motivates them to do research on the project. Taking into account the requirements of the standard, the goals of students in the project, criteria for evaluating future work (presentation, booklet, wiki - article, website, etc.) are drawn up, according to which control and self-control in groups takes place. After the completion of the project, a conference is held, where students are heard presenting the results of their work. It evaluates the depth of the research, the consistency of the material presented, the creative approach, the ability to speak reasonably in front of the audience, defend one's point of view, participate in discussions, and ask questions.
The answer to the fundamental question
Who owns the information - he owns the world!
Didactic materials
Assignment on the topic "Properties of Web 2.0 services"
Assignment on the topic "Coding information"
Information coding.
1 slide
Person and information. Completed: Student 125 of group Galikhanov Almaz Fidanovich Specialty 09 02 03 Programming in computer systems Manager: Salytova Ekaterina Andreevna
2 slide
Information - information about objects and phenomena of the environment, their parameters, properties and condition, which reduce the existing degree of uncertainty about them, incompleteness of knowledge. *
3 slide
4 slide
Associated with the concept of information are concepts such as signal, message, and data. A signal is any process that carries information. A message is information presented in a specific form and intended for transmission. Data is information presented in a formalized form and intended for processing it by technical means, for example, a computer. *
5 slide
Classification of information: On the basis of "area of origin" information is divided into: 1. Elementary - reflects the processes and phenomena of inanimate nature. 2. Biological - reflects the processes of flora and fauna. 3. Social - reflects the processes of human society. *
6 slide
According to the method of transmission and perception, information is distinguished: 1. Visual - transmitted visible images and symbols. 2. Tactile - transmitted by sensations. 3. Organoleptic - transmitted by smells and taste. 4. Machine - issued and perceived by computer technology. *
7 slide
Information created and used by a person, according to public purpose, is divided into types: 1. Mass: socio-political, popular science. 2. Special: scientific, technical, economic, managerial. 3. Personal: individual. *
8 slide
According to the form of presentation, the information is divided into: 1. Discrete form - a sequence of characters characterizing a discontinuous, changing value 2. Analog or continuous form - a value characterizing a process that does not have interruptions or gaps *
9 slide
Possible operations with data: data collection - accumulation of information in order to ensure sufficient completeness for making decisions; formalization of data - bringing data coming from different sources to the same form in order to make them comparable with each other, that is, to increase their level of accessibility; data filtering - filtering out "unnecessary" data, which is not necessary for making decisions; at the same time, the level of "noise" should decrease, and the reliability and adequacy of the data should increase; data sorting - sorting data according to a given criterion for the purpose of ease of use; increases the availability of information; *
10 slide
data archiving - organizing data storage in a convenient and easily accessible form; serves to reduce the economic costs of data storage and improve overall reliability information process generally; data protection - a set of measures aimed at preventing the loss, reproduction and modification of data; data transportation - reception and transmission of data between remote participants in the information process; data transformation - transfer of data from one form to another or from one structure to another. Data transformation is often associated with a change in the type of media, for example, books can be stored in a regular paper form, but you can use for this and electronic form, and microfilm. *
11 slide
Consider the properties of information: Relevance - the ability of information to meet the needs of the consumer. Completeness is the property of information to comprehensively characterize the object under consideration. Timeliness - the ability of information to meet the needs of the consumer at the right time. Reliability is the property of information not to have hidden errors. Accessibility is a property of information that characterizes the possibility of its receipt by a given consumer. Security is a property that characterizes the impossibility of unauthorized use or modification. Ergonomics is a property that characterizes the convenience of the form and volume of information from the point of view of a given consumer. *
12 slide
The peculiarity of information is that it can be in a static or dynamic state. The static state of information is associated with its long-term storage, accumulation in information funds and databases. A dynamic state - constant movement in the form of streams - is inherent in information that implements in man-machine, automated systems in which the exchange of information is carried out using symbolic symbols. *
13 slide
Is informatization of society? widespread implementation of a set of measures aimed at ensuring the full and timely use of reliable information, generalized knowledge in all socially significant types of human activity. *
14 slide
Signs of the Information Society 1. The majority of those working in information society(about 80%) are employed in information sphere, i.e. the production of information and information services. 2. Provided technical, technological and legal opportunities for access to any member of society practically anywhere in the territory and in acceptable time to the information he needs (with the exception of military and state secrets). 3. Information is the most important strategic resource of society and occupies a key place in the economy, education and culture. *
15 slide
The scientific foundation of the process of informatization of society is a new scientific discipline - informatics. There are many definitions of informatics, which is associated with the versatility of its functions, capabilities, tools and methods. Informatics is a field of human activity associated with the processes of transforming information using computers and their interaction with the application environment. *
Sages say: "Who owns knowledge, he owns the world!" This thesis can just as well be applied to obtaining information in modern human society. Today, man and information are closely related. And here the rule works well: whoever found out first wins, and whoever is late loses.
Human and information
Cognizing their surroundings, people always come into contact with.In the beginning, at the first stage of interaction, absorption occurs and This helps (and sometimes forces) to correctly assess the events taking place in society and the world. So, at the second stage of interaction, the data is analyzed, their qualitative processing by the brain. And then a personal opinion, a judgment about the event taking place, is already developed. As a result, the person and the information received by him merge as much as possible, acquiring a personal aspect.
Origin and meaning of the word
The very concept of "information" comes from the Latin word information (clarification, reduction). This concept is a general scientific category, which has many definitions and interpretations. If you do not go too deep into the discrepancies, then we can say that in Everyday life information is identified with the received information, knowledge in oral, visual, written, electronic form (in our days of universal computerization). Information plays an important role. For example, it allows you to increase the level of knowledge on a particular issue of interest to the individual. And the exchange of information forms a more voluminous idea of the subject of discussion.
Information in human life
Since ancient times, the possession of information has been considered the lot of the elite. It is no secret that in some of the most ancient communities, learning was not allowed for the common people, or everything was done to make the possession of knowledge difficult to access. Priests and high priests, monks in secret monasteries, hermit healers in every possible way hid information from commoners, not allowing them to enter the holy of holies.
Today, a person in the world of information gains access relatively freely to any source of interest to him. Openness of information is one of the basic conditions. This is directly related to the development of the worldwide Network, encircling all continents of the globe. Man and information in the material world of our time are much more closely interconnected than in previous eras. And any average citizen of a free country has the right to free access: you can't hide an sewn in a sack!
Mass media
In today's social society, the media play the most important role for a person. With their help, people learn about the main and secondary events in the field of science, culture, politics, and other industries. Initially, these were newspapers and radio, which published articles and spoke orally about what had happened. Then TV appeared as a powerful lever that still affects many minds. After, with the development of the Internet - electronic media, which can be confidently called truly massive: some articles and videos gain millions of views, which means that they have been used by a great many people in many countries of the world.
Value and properties
In our high-speed world, which is not accidentally called the age of information, a lot depends on it: the development of society, economic and political, the very life of people, their safety and health. Analyzing the information received from various sources (as a rule, experienced journalists, for example, use at least three confirmed ones), correspondents assess its clarity, relevance at this stage, usefulness for society, ethics, and reliability. Moreover, in different situations, different properties of the same data come to the fore. For example, a news program on TV should contain maximum reliability and relevance about the events of today or the past week. A popular science article in an electronic newspaper contains a maximum of useful and interesting information, supported by scientific data.
In today's world, "information" is as close as possible. We can say that without information there is no and without a person - there is no information that is processed, published and analyzed by people!