What programs are called in computer jargon. Computer slang. Ways to form computer slang
Computer slang is a type of special slang used by both a professional group of IT specialists and other computer users.
The first reason for such a rapid appearance of new words in computer slang is, of course, the rapid, “jumping” development of computer technologies themselves. If we look at the numerous magazines covering the latest in the computer technology market, we will see that more or less significant developments appear almost every week. In the conditions of such a technological revolution, each new phenomenon in this area should receive its own verbal designation, its own name. And since almost all of them (with rare exceptions) appear in the United States, they naturally receive it in English. When, after a while, they find out about these developments in Russia, for their overwhelming majority, of course, there is no equivalent in Russian. Therefore, Russian specialists have to use original terms. The so-called filling of cultural gaps with the help of English-language terms is taking place. Thus, English names are more and more filling the Russian language. The absence in the Russian language of a sufficiently standardized terminology in this area, a significant number of corporate and advertising terms, and led to the trend towards the emergence of computer slang.
People working with computing technology in our country they are quite young. In this regard, there is a desire to dilute these terms with humor, add their own emotional coloring, an element of ease. Suffice it to recall the “floppovert” (disk drive) or “trampled” (compressed by the archiver program).
V recent times there was also a craze among young people for computer games. This again served as a powerful source of new words. Various words have appeared for certain concepts, these include “arcade”, “walker”, “boss” (meaning the most important enemy in the game), “dumer” (a person playing the game “DOOM”), “croak” ( play "Quake"), etc.
It should also be noted that the majority of non-professional users do not have a sufficient level of English. But, one way or another, they still have to use the new English terminology, and often there is a misreading of the English word and the words that arise in this way sometimes firmly settle in their vocabulary. So, for example, from an incorrect reading of the message “NO CARRIER”, the expression “NO CARRIER” appeared in the slang, and both mean that there is no connection when communicating via a modem.
Computer slang contains words with identical or extremely close meanings - synonyms.
· Computer ® computer - kompuhter - tsamuter - bank - wheelbarrow - apparatus - car;
· To hack ® xakhymh - to grunt - to break - to bang - to break;
· Hard drive ® screw - chord - hard drive - berdan.
The more commonly used a word, the more synonyms it has. For the creators of computer slang dictionaries, the first problem is to write down as many possible synonyms for each term and find out some well-known words.
Computer slang is not devoid of all kinds of phraseological turns. Among them there are both verbal and substantive phrases [Beregovskaya, pp. 32-41]. Such phrases are based on associative translation. Sometimes computer slang is used in a broad figurative sense in various situations that are not related to computers. For example, a programmer who does not want to fulfill someone's request says: “Сan" t Орн "or" Invalid Request ". It is this kind of English text that is displayed on the computer screen when he cannot complete the task. Or the programmer can say:“ System halted ", which will mean his highest degree of fatigue at the end of a hard day. The computer says the same when shutting down.
It is also impossible to ignore such a problem as the transition of words from slang to the category of professional or normal. More often than not, professional terms become quite old slang words that have managed to get used to it. At the same time, the word loses its eccentric connotation. Computer newspapers and magazines play an important role in this. The slang word appears in them in most cases due to the fact that the professional words corresponding to them are inconvenient with frequent use or are absent altogether. The magazines devoted to computer games generally use slang words in abundance in order to create a more cheerful, youthful atmosphere. But from such entertainment magazines, slang often moves to the pages of more serious periodicals, and sometimes scientific literature. The word "hardware" in the sense of "hardware", which for some time was exclusively slang, but eventually became a professional vocabulary.
There are different classifications of computer slang. We will give 2 most convenient classifications of N.V. Vinogradova. and Gorshkova P.A.
Vinogradova offers the following classification of computer slang. [Vinogradova, p. 147]
The first group is a direct transliteration of the English word while maintaining the basic meaning of the lexeme.
· Bai (from the English word "bye") means the usual form of farewell.
· Warning (from English "warning") means a warning about a possible program error or an exception.
The second group of words is represented by examples in relation to which we can no longer speak of transliteration, but of phonetic and grammatical “distortion” (a kind of “Russification”) of the original.
· Baton (from English “button”, which translates as a button, button) means “any button”.
· Gama (from the English “game”, which translates as a game) means “computer game”.
This also includes numerous verbs with an English transliterated stem and Russian grammatical indicators such as: "zip", "encode", "off-line", "restrict", "zayuzit", "unquote", "link", "pinpoint", etc. NS.
The third group is represented by words that have homonyms in the literary language. Just as in thieves' jargon, for example, the word "nightingale" as a result of rethinking acquired the meaning of "overseer's whistle", many stylistically neutral Russian words, used and reinterpreted by native speakers of the computer dialect, acquire additional meanings.
First, these are Russian words chosen for reasons of phonetic similarity to the English originals.
· Aria (from the English "area", which translates as area) - an area on the BBC, which contains files or messages on a specific topic. This is usually a directory on disk.
· Soap (from the English "mail", which has the translation "letter", "mail") - write or send a message over the network.
Secondly, this is a much more numerous group of words that have acquired a new meaning as a result of an ironic-carnival rethinking of an already existing lexeme.
· Damn - CD.
· Gold or Naked grandfather (from the name of the program GoldEd - the editor of messages) - the name of the most popular editor of messages.
The fourth group of words is represented by acronyms. These are English in origin and in the way of education, compound abbreviated words, which have not yet been involved in the process of mastering them in Russian.
AFAIK - as far as I know (as far as I know).
BTW - by the way (by the way).
FYI - for your information (for your information).
· IOW - in other words (in other words).
TTUL - talk to you later (we'll talk later).
These examples prove that computer slang tends to simplify, minimize, and standardize language tools to a large extent. Transliteration brings to life such unusual words for the Russian language as “ZY” - PS (post scriptum) (on the computer keyboard, when switching from Latin to Cyrillic, “P” corresponds to “Z”, and “S” to “Y”).
Another classification is offered by P.A. Gorshkov:
3) translation;
4) phonetic mimicry. [Gorshkov, p.150]
The first group, called tracing paper, includes borrowings that are not grammatically mastered in Russian. In this case, the word is borrowed entirely with its pronunciation, spelling and meaning. Such borrowings are subject to assimilation. Each sound in the borrowed word is replaced by the corresponding sound in Russian in accordance with phonetic laws. These words seem foreign in pronunciation and spelling, they correspond to all the norms of the English language. Here are examples of words completely borrowed from English:
Device ® device
Hard drive ® hard.
In the second group, called semi-calca, when the term changes from English to Russian, the latter adjusts the received word to the norms not only of its phonetics as in the previous group, but also of spelling with grammar. In the course of grammatical development, the English term comes at the disposal of Russian grammar, obeying its rules. Nouns, for example, acquire case endings:
Application ® application (application program) ®
applikuhu (V.p.)
applicuhi (R.p.).
Words of this group are formed as follows: word-formation models of the Russian language are added to the original English base by certain methods. These include, first of all, diminutive suffixes of nouns -ik, -k (a),
Ok and others:
· User "s Manual, translated from English, as the user manual was called" manual ";
· CD-ROM (from English compact disc read-only memory), meaning a type of CD-ROM with read-only data, is called in Internet slang "sidiromka".
Due to the fact that the original language is analytical, and the borrowing language is synthetic, there is an addition of inflections to the verbs:
"To connect" (from English to connect, which translates as to connect) means to connect using computers.
In accordance with the fact that one of the reasons for the need for slang is the reduction of long professionalisms, there is such a technique as the technique of universalization (reduction of a phrase to one word). Here is an example of such a phenomenon:
· Strategic game ® strategy.
Here, one word is borrowed from a phrase by this method, but at the same time it receives the meaning of the entire phrase. Quite a large number of words in this group originated from various abbreviations, names of various protocols, firms.
It should be remembered here that the MS-DOS operating system, which worked for many years on most personal computers in Russia, allowed giving files and directories names consisting of no more than eight characters and extensions consisting of only three characters. This led to the fact that the name of many programs and games also had to be abbreviated or abbreviated if the full names consisted of several words. Derivatives from various readings of these abbreviations fell into Russian slang. In this way, many words appeared, here are their examples:
· Norton Utilities ® NU ® nushka.
· Kai "s Power Tools ® KPT ® caps.
· Execution file ® EXE ® executable.
· Three-dimensional Studio ® 3DS ® three-dimensional card.
In the third group, "translation" is very often the slang vocabulary formed by the way of translating an English professional term. There are two possible ways translation. The first method involves translating a word using neutral words existing in the Russian language, which at the same time acquire a new meaning with a reduced stylistic connotation:
· Windows (from the English word "windows", which translates as windows) - the name of the program, which has acquired the slang analogue of "vents".
In the process of translation, the mechanism of associative thinking works. Associations or metaphors that arise can be very different: in the form of an object or device:
· Disk (from the English word disk which translates to disk), in its structure, resembling a pancake, from this and got its name in the slang "pancake".
The second group is much more numerous - these are terms that have acquired their slang translation by using the vocabulary of other professional groups. As a result, the meaning of the word changes somewhat, acquiring a meaning specific to computer slang. The most common words and expressions from youth slang:
Incorrect programm ® glitch
Streamer ® mofon.
It is noteworthy that with such a formation of slang words, some blurring in the meaning is created, which is not characteristic of professional English terms. In most cases, only the nature of the action or phenomenon is indicated, and its specificity is not determined.
The fourth group, "phonetic mimicry", is the most interesting from the point of view of lexicology. It is based on the coincidence of semantically dissimilar common words and English computer terms:
· Error, from English "error", meaning "error", acquired a name in slang Egor.
Both cases based on the phonetic coincidence of the entire English and standard words, and cases based on the coincidence of part of the words are possible. In this case, the slang word is supplemented with the rest of the word, borrowed by the tracing paper method from the English original:
· Windows ® vindovoz.
In this group of words, there are especially many names for various programs, perhaps because these names are most often unclear in use and perception for Russian users computing technology:
· Corel Draw ® The King of Firewood.
· Aldus PageMaker ® Aldus Pajamker.
· AutoCAD ® Autogad.
This phenomenon also includes cases of onomatopoeia, without any resemblance to words from standard vocabulary. Such words represent a kind of play with sounds. They are formed by subtracting, adding, moving some sounds in the original English term:
· MS-DOS ® mzdos.
Conclusions on the first chapter
In this chapter, we were able to consider the vocabulary of the English language and find out that it consists of three main layers: colloquial, neutral and literary-book vocabulary.
We also touched upon the concept and varieties of colloquial vocabulary, which made it possible to draw attention to non-literary vocabulary, which includes professionalisms, vulgarisms, jargon, euphemisms and slang. The history of the origin of the term "slang" was determined, as well as a number of definitions proposed by various authors. Here I had to face the opinion about the identity of the words "slang" and "jargon". Having studied the opinions of various authors, we were able to summarize the most essential properties of slang. This chapter lists two of the most convenient classifications of slang.
P.A. Gorshkov proposed a classification:
1) tracing paper (full borrowing);
2) half-calico (borrowing the base);
3) translation;
a) using standard vocabulary in a special meaning;
b) using the slang of other professional groups;
4) phonetic mimicry.
N.V. Vinogradova proposes the following classification of computer slang:
2. Phonetic and grammatical “distortion” (a kind of “Russification”) of the original;
3. Words that have homonyms in the literary language; many stylistically neutral Russian words, used and reinterpreted by native speakers of the computer dialect, acquire additional meanings.
4. Acronyms. These are English in origin and in the way of education, compound abbreviated words, which have not yet been involved in the process of mastering them in Russian.
The latter method is interpreted by speakers of computer jargon as universal.
According to the newspaper "Capital" (see: L. Vostryakova Language of the market // Capital. 1996. April 16), "with the appearance on domestic market in the mid-80s of personal computers and the release in 1988 at first 100% of the translated magazine "PC World", which became very popular, there was a "collapse": English terms and abbreviations, often in English, filled the pages of magazines and clogged speech specialists ". Simultaneously with the professional language of programmers, the specific jargon of computer experts and just people who are fond of computer games began to form.
Computer jargon (as we will call it for simplicity) contains vocabulary that is colloquial, rudely familiar. In it, as in the professional vocabulary of programmers, there are quite a few Englishisms. However, foreign language borrowings are by no means the only source of computer jargon replenishment.
Taking advantage of the proposed K.N. Dubrovina's model of analysis of student jargon (see: Student jargon // Philological sciences. 1980. № 1), let's try to figure out the ways and means of the formation of computer jargon. They are very diverse.
Some words of this lexical system are borrowed from the jargons of other professional groups: for example, "teapot" (an inexperienced programmer) and "engine" (an algorithm - the core of a computer program) are taken from the jargon of motorists, where they denote, respectively, an inexperienced driver and a car engine. The jargon "makrushnik" (a programmer using the "macro assembler" programming language) is a lexical borrowing from the criminal argo, in which the word "mackerel" means "murderer" (see: Explanatory dictionary criminal jargon. M., 199.1. P. 108). "Wheelbarrow" in urban folklore is called a car (see: Elistratov B.C. Dictionary of the Moscow Argo. M., 1994. C 465), and in computer jargon this word has passed with the meaning "computer". For example, they say about a Pentium-200 computer: "A fashionable car with a 200th motor" (see: How to buy a computer ... // Moskovsky Komsomolets. 1996. December 1).
It happens that borrowings are semantically changed, for example,
as a result of metaphorical transfer. So, the word "mofbn" in youth interjargon means a tape recorder, and in computer jargon, any device with a magnetic tape (say, a streamer) can be called "mofon". The similarity in meaning, on the basis of which the transfer occurs, is a magnetic tape that allows information to be recorded.
For most jargon systems, metaphorization has proven to be productive. With its help, the words are formed in computer jargon: "pancake" - a compact disk, the data from which the computer reads; "rat" - a Soviet-made mouse (very large compared to the standard one); "tile" - printed circuit board; "resuscitator" - a specialist in "revitalizing" a disconnected computer; "garbage" - interference in the terminal or telephone network.
There are numerous verbal metaphors: "to slow down" - to spend time playing computer games, to mess around; "demolish" (Soviet type "demolish") - delete unclaimed information (computer mail) from the computer's memory; "buzz" - establish communication using a modem, etc.
In addition to metaphors, you can find other means of transfer in computer jargon. For example, the use of the words "boss" (from English. Boss - chief) and "sadist" in the meaning of the main "villain" (opponent) in all computer games without exception is a synecdoche. In the magazine "Country of Games" (1996. No. 7) we read: "Any of the most difficult to kill, strong and big enemy in the game can be called a" boss ". It is generally accepted that he should logically complete the level in the game with his appearance. " In the "Encyclopedia of Computer Games" (St. Petersburg, 1995, p. 4) we find another example of the use of the jargon "boss": "Game levels almost always end in a duel with the" boss "- a particularly large and harmful enemy. To destroy the "boss" you need to find his weak point and skillfully use it with the appropriate application of tactics. "
The use of the jargon "hardware" to mean "computer" (mechanical and electronic parts of a computer) is an example of metonymy.
There are argotisms in computer jargon. These words should not be understood as belonging to a secret, classified language. Argotisms are simply devoid of proper linguistic motivation, or it is incomprehensible to the uninitiated. To this kind of conventional names can be attributed to the lexeme "mirror" - powerful device that interferes with the electrical network. When a computer malfunctions due to a voltage surge in the electrical network, they say: "The neighbors turned on the mirror cell again!" To "shoe" a floppy disk means to prepare it for loading into a computer. Software that produces only video effects and does not contain dialogue is called "glitch" (or "glitch"). A computer that has shut down spontaneously is said to be "hanging". An inexperienced programmer, whose computer often "freezes" (that is, refuses to work), is called a "gallows".
A special place in computer jargon is occupied by words that have no semantic motivation. They are distinguished from argotisms by their connection with those common words and computer terms, instead of which they are used in the jargon system. This connection is built on the relationship of partial homonymy: words that have no semantic motivation are characterized by separate morpho-phonetic coincidences with common words and professional terms of programmers (the phenomenon of phonetic mimicry).
For example, programmers call laser printer(printing device) "lazar" due to partial sound matches in the roots of semantically dissimilar words: Lazarus and laser. So, the word, which in the national language has the meaning of the male name Lazarus, has acquired a completely new content in computer jargon.
This kind of lexicon can be attributed to jargon: "Vaksa" (operating system VAX) and "booze" (the slang name of the computer game "Civilization" - "Civilization"), as well as "Pentium" -computer modification Pentium (Pentium).
Many words of computer jargon are formed according to derivational models adopted in the Russian language. In an affix way, for example, the jargonism "letalka" is formed. From the verb fly with the help of the suffix characteristic of colloquial speech - "- the noun" letalka "is formed - a computer game that imitates a flight on a combat aircraft or a spaceship. In the magazine "Entertainment World" (1996. № 7) we read: "Fans of flying machines can be reminded of the game" US Navy Fighters ", the previous flight simulator in the framework of the whole series" Jane "s Combat Simulations".
On the basis of one model with the word "letalka", the jargonisms "brodilka" and "shooter" are formed. "Broadcast" is a game in which you are invited to go on a "journey" through an unknown area, where you need to find a certain object ("artifact"). As a rule, a "shooter" refers to a computer game that is simple in terms of its plot. Winning in such a game depends only on the speed of the player's reaction and his ability to use the computer keyboard. In the "Encyclopedia of Computer Games" we find such an example: "... there are developed template themes and genres, it does not matter that the genres of" western "or" love story "in the world of literature. First of all, these are the most primitive "shooters" ... Airplanes crushing myriads of enemies, lone supermen with superweapons in their hands ... You can't list all the different topics ..! For their primitiveness, some "shooters" have received the nickname "spino-brains". "
Suffix -yuk, typical for common speech. Here are examples of the use of these jargon: "... you will learn all this from the introduction that completely occupies the first disc (there are 3 CDs in the game)" (World of entertainment. 1996. № 7). In "Moskovsky Komsomolets" we read: "Ask a person who claims to be a programmer to show his pussy. If he shows you something different from a PC, you can slap him in the face and drive him out."
One of the ways to supplement computer jargon is to borrow vocabulary from the English language. Borrowings, grammatically not mastered in Russian, include the following words: "gambver" - unauthorized stop of a computer program (from English game over - end of the game); "smily" (from the English smily) is a funny face, which is a sequence of punctuation marks (: -)) typed on a computer keyboard.
Among the grammatically mastered borrowings, one should name jargon: "mail" (from the English mail - mail) - a letter transmitted by computer network; "gamer" (from the English jarg. gamer) - a fan of computer games. The grammatical mastery of some borrowings by the Russian language is accompanied by their derivational russification. Here we mean jargon: "connect" (from the English. To connect) - to communicate with the help of computers; "print" (from English to print) -print; "keel" (from the English. to kill - completely stop) - to stop any operations performed by the computer; "to program" (from English to programm) - to be engaged in programming; "click" (from English to click - onomatopoeia "click") - to press the mouse buttons.
An example of semantic borrowing is the word kick(Sov. view kick). Russian kick in computer jargon, it has acquired a figurative meaning "to load an operating system or a program into a computer", which arose under the influence of the figurative meaning of the English to boot "to kick". Perhaps thanks to another figurative meaning of the English expression to boot Russian to kick In the jargon of programmers, it has also come to mean "send a letter or file over a computer connection." They say: "Let's ask Microsoft to kick us the Windows source" (Let's ask Microsoft to give us the source materials for the Windows program).
It is noteworthy that stylistically neutral words in the English language in the jargon of Russian programmers acquire a functionally determined reduced stylistic coloration: rude familiar, ironically dismissive, or just colloquially casual.
In the jargon speech of programmers, abbreviations are often found. For example, Macintosh computers are called "poppies". Here's an example: " Personal computers there are IBM-compatible and Macintosh ones. Today we will talk only about the first variety, and the owners of the poppies can only wish the extracts until the next release "(Mosk. Com. 1996, December 1).
Sometimes phrases are reduced to one word (universalization technique). So, the name of the computer game "Wolfenstein" (translated from the German "Wolf's Lair") has been reduced to the jargon "wolf" (from German. Wolf "wolf"). In the August 1996 issue of the "Country of Games" magazine, we read: "Fans quickly christened the released demo version" wolf "and with great pleasure began to save their hero from the fascist dungeons."
Jargon is also an example of universalization. strategy, formed from the phrase "strategic game". The category of "strategies" includes all computer games where it is necessary to direct military operations at the level of a commander of any rank. Often in these games it is necessary to control not only the troops, but also the economic resources, that is, the "rear" (See: "Encyclopedia of Computer Games", pp. 6, 7). Here is an example of the use of jargon strategy from the magazine "Pro Games" (1996. No. 6): "Strategies, strategies ... How many of them have already been! Well, Close Combat (the name of a new computer game. -P.L.) not so different from its kind, but still deserves our attention. "
The vocabulary of computer jargon contains words with the same or extremely close meaning - synonyms. You can even single out whole synonymous series: "komputer" - "wheelbarrow" - "apparatus" - "machine" (computer); "hung" - "fell" - "collapsed" - "crumpled" - "extinguished" (as they say about a computer that refused to work); "screw" - "hard" - "disk" - "berdan" - "hard drive" (hard drive is a hard disk installed inside the computer, where all programs are located).
The phenomenon of homonymy can also be observed in computer jargon. For example, "slow down" (bad, slow to work on the computer) and "slow down" (kill time playing computer games). Moreover, you can find examples of homonymy both internal (between the words of the jargon itself) and external (with the words of the common language). Let us compare, for example, such homonyms as "click" ("call someone" in Russian colloquial speech), on the one hand, and "click" in the above jargon meaning, on the other.
In some cases, we can talk about homonymous relations arising between words from different slang systems. For example, in youth interjargon the word "glitch" means "hallucination, mirage, vision". And in computer jargon, a "glitch" is an unintentional error in a program that produces unpredictable results.
Domestic programmers have replenished the language with numerous phraseological phrases. Most of them are characterized by bright emotional coloring and stylistic decline. Among the verbal phraseological units are the following: "trample buttons" - to work on a computer keyboard; "reap the loaves" - work with the mouse; "glitch to polish" - to engage in unnecessary embellishment of an already written computer program, etc. Phraseological phrases should be attributed to substantive phrases: "phase of the moon" is a popular explanation for an unexpected start of a computer or a program that suddenly "came to life" and began to do what is required of it ; "three-finger salute" ("three-finger exit") - turn off the computer by simultaneously pressing the Ctrl-Alt-Del keys; "dear mother" - the main (or motherboard) board in a computer, etc.
The peculiar folklore of programmers is interesting, in which terminological vocabulary is used in a broad figurative sense in various situations that are not directly related to the professional activities of computer technicians. For example, when a programmer does not want to fulfill someone's request, he can say: "Can" t open (or "Invalid reguest") - "Can't open" (or "Unreasonable request"). It is such an English-language text that is displayed on the computer screen when the machine cannot complete the task assigned to it. "Divide overflom" - says a computer scientist when, due to fatigue, he is unable to perceive the incoming information. In a similar situation, such a phrase is produced by a computer! A programmer who falls asleep in the evening of a hard day tells himself to sleep with the words: "System halted". The same thing, when disconnected, the computer also "speaks".
In the professional speech of programmers there is an expression "load the computer", that is, enter a certain program into the machine. The word "load" today in the jargon of computer scientists and youth interjargon has received a new meaning "to tire someone with long and" abstruse "speeches." The correspondent of "Moskovsky Komsomolets" writes: "In order not to overload the people, I will give some interesting places from her work ... "(MK. 1996, December 12).
What is the difference between computer jargon and other Tina dialects? Emotionally colored vocabulary of programmers differs from Russian colloquial speech and vernacular "fixation" on the realities of the world of computers. Phenomena that do not belong to this world do not induce programmers to give them slang names.
It should be noted that jargon is often derived from professional terms borrowed from the English language.
The slang vocabulary differs from the professional terminology of programmers by its emotional coloring and some blurring of the meanings of words, which are not typical for terms. As a rule, jargon acts as stylistic synonyms for professional terms. Let's compare, for example, synonymous constructions: "shooter" (jarg.) And arcade(prof.); "walker" (jarg.) and quest(prof.); letalka (jarg.) and aircraft simulator(prof.), etc.
Computer jargon is a new phenomenon in Russian. Its novelty is determined by the fact that the carriers and creators of this vocabulary are representatives of a relatively young profession - programmers. The existence of computer jargon allows programming specialists not only to understand each other perfectly. Thanks to the knowledge of this special language, computer scientists feel like members of a kind of closed community, isolated from the "uninitiated". The phenomenon of such linguistic isolation is characteristic of almost all professional groups, not just programmers.
We have barely touched on a broad layer of vocabulary that constitutes computer jargon. The development of this linguistic phenomenon and its spread among an increasing number of native speakers of the Russian language is conditioned by the introduction of computer technology into the life of modern society. It seems that computer jargon should become the object of close attention of linguists, because, as examples of other jargon systems show, special vocabulary sometimes penetrates the literary language and is fixed there for many years.
Likholitov, P.V. Computer jargon / P.V. Likholitov // Russian speech. - 1997.-№3
18. Exercise:
Write a review about the article you have read.
When there are conversations on computer topics, you can often hear words and expressions that a novice user cannot understand without their explanations. Therefore, in this note, we will discuss computer slang (computer jargon) as well as words and phrases requiring explanation.
Below I have compiled a small a list of the most common words and expressions of computer slang (jargon) or words that some users do not understand. I also suggest that the readers of this note supplement this main list in the comments.
Computer slang. Dictionary of words with explanations
ICQ (ICQ)- a program for communication on the network that allows you to exchange instant messages
Soap- e-mail, address Email, mailbox
Comp- a computer
Admin- administrator
Browser- a program for viewing pages on the Internet ( Internet Explorer(Explorer), Opera (Opera), Google chrome(Chrome), etc.).
Screw or Winchester- computer hard drive
Vidyuha- video card
The weight- the size of the file, folder, program. Measured in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes Meter- megabyte (information size)
Gig- gigabyte (information size)
Windows- operating system WINDOWS
Glitch- crash in any program
Glitch- malfunction
Iron- hard drive, processor, motherboard, RAM and other computer devices
Software- operating system and computer programs
Login (ID)- user ID, for example in email, when logging into the operating system, etc. Used in conjunction with a password
User- computer user
Use- to use
Prog, Soft- program
Spam- mass mailing of messages to persons who did not express a desire to receive them
Domain- website address on the Internet
Internet- Internet
Runet- Russian-speaking Internet
Bourgeois- overseas internet
Klava- keyboard
Click- click the mouse
Wallpaper- background picture on your desktop
Ears- headphones
Hacker Is a malicious programmer. The "cracker" as applied to computers and networks
FAQ- Answers to frequently asked questions
Do you know the most popular expressions of computer slang (jargon)? Then complete the list with explanations in the comments.
It is not news that most of all slang words came to us from the English language. Those people who are far from the IT industry, but know English well, will be able to understand about half of these words. For a novice programmer, this dictionary will be especially useful, as it will allow you to plunge a little into the world of Aichi.
Note:Collected here 190+ words. Request: If you did not find a word that, in your opinion, is used in the everyday life of programmers and just people from the IT sphere, or I misinterpreted some word - let me know in the comments, I will be very grateful to you.
Ava(or more " avatar", From the English. " avatar») - a graphical representation (picture / photo / image) of a person on the Internet / social networks / messengers / games, etc.
Admin(from the English " admin») - administrator.
Idi(from the English " identificator") - identifier.
Ip(or more " IPishnik», « IP address", From the English. " I nternet P rotocol Address ") is a unique address of a computer on the Internet. This address is assigned to each computer by the ISP, which provides the device with Internet access.
Aichi(or more " IT", From the English. " IT» = « I nformation T echnologies ") - information technology.
Aichi evangelist(or more " IT preacher / propagandist») - a person who is engaged in propaganda (often professionally) in the field of IT.
IT specialist(he is “ IT», « walker», « hacker») - a specialist in information technology. Often all programmers and just advanced users of computers and the Internet are called IT specialists.
Aka(more precisely a.k.a, from the English. " a lso k nown a s ") - if literally, then" also known as ". In other words, a nickname, a pseudonym.
Anonymous(or more " anonymous», « anon", From the English. " anonym / anonymous») - a person who hides his real name.
Upgrade(from the English " upgrade") - update / modernization of hardware (hardware).
Update(from the English " update") - update / modernization software(software).
Aplikuha(from the English " application») - application software. For example: computer program, mobile app.
Outsourcing(from the English " outsource») - transfer by an enterprise / company to perform certain work to specialists outside the state (freelancers or employees of other companies). For example, there are specialized offices of accountants that serve dozens of other companies. outsourced, I am not an employee of these companies.
Bug(from the English " bug») - an error in the program / code due to which the results of the program execution are incorrect.
Ban(from the English " ban") - deprivation or restriction of any user rights (for example: leave comments, view certain pages etc.). Lifetime ban- exclusion of a user from the system / game / site / group, etc.
Batnik- batch file with the extension .bat. Used to work with the command line in Windows.
Accordion- a joke / information that was previously published / known.
Bitcoin(from the English " bitcoin») - cryptocurrency, electronic currency, the generation of digital money, which is not controlled by anyone and exists only on the Internet.
Broken- non-working. For example, broken links= links that lead to non-existent pages. The user, upon hitting such a page, will receive a 404 error (Error 404).
Blockchain(from the English " blockchain») - a system for accounting for transactions with cryptocurrency.
Blank- a blank, unrecorded, compact disc.
Browser(from the English " browser») Is a program with which you can view web pages or, in other words, access the Internet.
Burjunet- foreign (not Russian-speaking) part of the Internet. Very often this term refers to English-language sites from Europe and the United States.
Backup(from the English " backup») - backup... Creation backup project / site / data, so that in case of unforeseen circumstances / failure it would be possible to return the entire system to its previous state. It is good practice to regularly update and store backups in several locations (not just on your work computer).
Backend(from the English " back-end") - development of the" inner part "of sites / programs / applications. The part we can't see (what's going on under the hood). More details.
Validny(from the English " valid») - correct / valid. The one that meets the requirements / conditions / rules.
Varese(from the English " warez») - any intellectual property or software that is freely distributed on the Internet, while violating the rights of the copyright holder.
Vareznik- a site that distributes warez (pirated software, pirated movies / music, etc.). Usually, the term "vareznik" is applied to file-sharing sites.
Webinar(from the English " web based sem inar») Is a seminar, presentation or lecture on a specific topic that takes place online, in real time, on the Internet. This term also means the recording of the webinar that took place earlier.
Vidyuha(or more " vidyaha") - video card.
Windows(or more " Windows») - Windows operating system.
Winduzyatnik- operating room user Windows systems(see sarcasm).
Screw(or more " hard") - a hard drive, aka" hard disk ", aka" HDD ".
Workshop(from the English " workshop») - a training event for employees from a specific field of activity (programmers, photographers, designers, etc.). There is a main "lead" worker who trains others. There is a task and all employees, together with the "leader", carry out it, while communicating and helping each other.
Fucker - a person working in IT / programming with an overestimated HSP, who always expresses his expert opinion, often in inappropriate cases and does not respect the opinions of others (very often he does not even bother to listen to them). In other words, a show-off.
Galley- the company / enterprise / organization in which the programmer works. Basically, the galley is applied to companies where a bad attitude towards workers is practiced.
Gamedev(from the English " game dev elopment ") - game development / creation.
Gamer(from the English " gamer") - the player.
Gig(or more " hectare") - gigabyte.
Geek(from the English " geek») - a person who is well versed in a certain field of activity, being a fanatic of his business. Nowadays, geeks very often mean programmers.
Glitch- incomprehensible failure, delay, slowdown of processes in the program / game.
Shitcode- bad code that is difficult to understand and difficult to maintain / modify / change.
Bad coder- the person who writes the shit code.
Rowers- employees of the galley (company).
Google- search for information in a Google search engine.
Debug(from the English " debug / debugging») - search for and fix errors in the program.
Device(from the English " device») - technical device(laptop / smartphone / tablet / smart watch, etc.).
Developer(from the English " developer") - the developer.
Development(from the English " development") - the development of something: programs, applications, games, etc.
Deadline(from the English " deadline») - the deadline for the completion or delivery of the project / task / work.
Designer(from the English " designer") - designer.
Demo(from the English " demo") - a demo version of something, as a rule, with reduced functionality or with trial period use.
Deploy(or more " deploy", From the English. " deploy") Is the deployment (transfer) of software (executable code) to a server or device where it will work.
Default(or more " by default", From the English. " default") - the one that is used by default, standard.
Junior(or more " june», « June", From the English. " Junior Developer ") - First level programmer. A person with minimal experience and skills.
Domain(from the English " domain») - a unique address / name of a site on the Internet. For example, a site is a domain that consists of the domain name ravesli and the first level domain.com.
Firewood- drivers.
Iron - Hardware(components) of computers / laptops / smartphones, etc.
Zadrot- a person who devotes too much time virtual reality(be it games, programming or whatever). Also, sometimes this term means fanatics of their business (regardless of specialty), who are not always well adapted to the conditions real life.
Connect(or more " connect», « connect", From the English. " connect") - to join something.
File down- upload, put on public display. For example, zapped the vidosik on YouTube= uploaded a video to YouTube.
Take a drink- not cope with the task, spoil the task.
Zashkvar- shame, vile behavior.
IMHO(from the English " IMHO» = « I n M y H umble O pinion ") - in my humble opinion.
Internet- Internet.
Install(from the English " install") - set. For example, install Windu= install Windows.
IT- AND informational T echnology.
Case(from the English " case») - a real situation / incident that happened to the author.
Kilobucks- thousands of dollars. Prefix kilo= k ( from English means "thousand").
Klava- keyboard.
Coworking(from the English " coworking») - a place for organizing work by specialists from one or several spheres of activity, freelancers. In other words, a modern rented office for the work of specialists.
Coder(or more " coder", From the English. " coder")- programmer.
Code- programming.
Commit(or more " commit», « make a commit", From the English. " commit") - save / commit changes to the code in the repository (repository) of the code.
Compilation- converting code written in a high-level language into executable program which the processor understands directly. More details about this.
Compiler- the program that compiles.
Compucter(or more " compudachter», « komputer") - a computer.
Konfa- conference, group communication. Second meaning- software configuration file, in which you can change the settings of the same software.
Copy-paste(from the English " copy / paste») - copy and paste. "Copy" - to copy, "paste" - to paste.
Crutch- fixing serious bugs / holes / bugs without properly fixing the whole system. Those. a solution on the knee in no time at the expense of efficiency and good programming practices.
Krakozyabry(or more " mallard") - a set of incomprehensible symbols, nonsense. Occurs as a result of incorrect encoding. Sometimes krakozyabry can be seen on sites with the wrong encoding: РџСЂРёРІРµС ‚! Меня.
Crosses- C ++ programming language.
Crack(or more " tablet", From the English. " crack») - special program or an addition to the program for cracking other software. It is mainly used to turn the licensed (paid) version of something (program / game) into a free version.
Kulkhacker(from the English " cool hacker») - a person who considers himself a hacker or an experienced programmer, but is not such in real life.
Lag(or more " lags») - delay in the execution of the program / game, lack of response to user actions. Synonym for glitch.
Life hack(from the English " lifehack») - helpful advice helping to solve some problem with saving time / effort.
Lamer(from the English " lamer») - an inexperienced user, a person who does not understand something, but thinks that he understands. Not to be confused with the "teapot".
Level(from the English " level") - level.
Educational program- face vision without literacy. Learning the basics, basics.
Link(from the English " link») - a link to a resource.
Linux(Linux) is a free operating system used by many programmers and institutions (where this operating system is installed on servers).
Linuxoid- a person who uses the Linux operating system (Linux).
Log(from the English " log») - a log that records in chronological order all the actions performed in something (in the program, on the server). For example: the time of occurrence of errors, failures, user actions, etc.
Lokalka- the local network computers connected by cables.
Location(from the English " location") - location.
Laptop(from the English " laptop") - notebook.
Mining(from the English " mining") - extraction of something. Nowadays, mining is associated with the extraction of cryptocurrency, by performing complex mathematical operations by a computer.
Nurse(or more " mother», « motherboard», « maserboard") - motherboard.
Manager(from the English " manager») - manager, leader.
Manual(from the English " manual") - a guide, instructions on how to use something.
Middle(from the English " Middle Developer ") - intermediate level of knowledge and skills of a programmer.
Meetup(from the English " meetup») - a meeting / meeting of specialists in a certain field of activity for the exchange of experience, for educational purposes or just for communication in an informal setting.
Monique- monitor.
Soap- e-mail address, e-mail of the user.
Native(from the English " native")- native. The phrase is often used native code= source code (not modified later) written by the developers.
Networking(from the English " networking») - an environment of specialists in a certain field of activity, where, using the connections between these people, you can solve specific problems / tasks or just get to know each other for joint cooperation.
Knowlifer - a person who spends most of his time at a computer / laptop / smartphone in the virtual world (Internet / social networks / games). A person who has no personal life, hobbies, or any other activities in the real world.
Note - notebook.
Noob(or more " nubchik», « nubas», « nubar», « nubak", From English" newbie") - a beginner or a person who does not succeed, or he does not know how to do something correctly. Inexperienced.
Overtime(from the English " overtime») - processing after the end of the working day. Overtime.
About IT specialist(from Russian. " about a football player») - a person who is not an IT specialist / programmer, but works in the field of IT / programming. For example, HR specialist, accountant, financier.
OOP(abbreviated from “ O object- O oriented NS programming ") is a programming methodology / paradigm, in which the main concepts are objects and classes. More details about this.
Open source(from the English " open source software ") - open source software / software source code that anyone can use / supplement / modify. In most cases, this software is a non-commercial project.
Open space(from the English " open space") - office open type where employees work in the same room (relatively large) without any partitions / walls.
Operative- random access memory, it is " RAM"=" Random A ccess M emory ", she is" RAM» = « O operative Z reminiscent Have construction ".
OS(or more " OS", Abbr. from English " O perating S ystem ") - O oratory WITH System - software that allows you to control the hardware of computers / laptops / smartphones, etc.
Rollback- return to the starting position from the backup.
Disconnect(from the English " disconnect") - disconnect.
Debugging- a stage in software development, where errors are found and corrected. More details about this.
Debugger(or more " debugger", From the English. " debugger") - the program with which debugging is performed.
Offtopic(or more " offtopic", From the English. " off topic») - any message by the checkout (ie off topic).
Ochepyatka- a typo, a mistake in a word.
Patch(from the English " patch") - addition or update that fixes bugs / bugs / glitches. Applying a patch to a program is called patching.
Sandbox(from the English " sandbox») - special area / environment for safe execution programs. The "Sandbox" section on the site denotes a category for entries for newcomers (a kind of filter for newcomers).
Buns- bonuses. Very often they relate to working conditions: flexible hours, availability of a gym, kitchen, rest rooms, etc.
pros- C ++ programming language.
ON- software.
Podcast(from the English " podcast») - video or audio lessons, stories on a specific topic, most often of an educational nature. Podcast interviews or TED podcasts are very popular these days.
Fast(from the English " post») - entry / article / information note.
Prog- program.
Proger- programmer.
Profane- a person who has no experience in a certain area or does not understand something.
Profit(from the English " profit») - profit / benefit / benefit.
Push(or more " push", From the English. " push") - publishing to the server using the command push.
Developer- developer.
Rebzya- guys.
Reboot(or more " reboot", From the English. " reboot") - reboot. For example, reboot Windu= restart Windows.
Redesign(from the English " redesign») - external update / modernization of the system / site / interface. Sometimes this term also refers to internal updates / upgrades.
Release(from the English " release») - presentation of the finished version of the product (game / program / song / album), release to the public. For example: game release= release of the game to start sales.
Runet- Russian-language Internet. A set of sites with content in Russian.
Subject(or more " subject", From the English. " subject») - a topic for discussion between people on a certain resource (most often, on a forum). A topic to start a conversation.
Support(from the English " support") - support.
The switcher(from the English " switcher») - a person who moved to work in IT / programming from another profession. For example, if a person previously worked as a teacher or cook, and then became a programmer, then he is considered a switch.
Senor(or more " senior tomato», « senior», « senior", From the English. " Senior Developer ") - a high level of knowledge and skills of a specialist. An experienced programmer.
Server- server.
Sizhka- programming language C.
Sysadmin- System Administrator.
Sistemnik- system unit.
Skill(or more " skills», « skills", From the English. " skill») - skills, the ability to do something well.
Screen(or more " screenshot", From the English. " screenshot") - screenshot.
Slopok- slow, brake. The name comes from the pink Pokemon Slowpoke.
Smoothie- a favorite drink of programmers / IT people (see sarcasm).
Smoothieb- a fucking programmer.
Software(from the English " soft ware ") - software, program.
Soft skills(from the English " soft skills») - social / communication / personal skills / qualities necessary, first of all, for adaptation and work in a team.
Spam(from the English " spam») - e-mails / messages of an advertising and other nature to users who do not want and have not agreed to receive them.
Spam- send spam.
Stream(from the English " stream») - broadcast of actions taking place on the computer (or in real life) in real time.
Stream- make a stream.
Streamer- the one who makes the stream.
Techie- a person with a special technical education or an employee who works in the backend ( backend developer).
Team lead(or more " team leader", From the English. " team lead er ") - Lead Developer, Leader of the Programming Team.
Trainey(from the English " trainee») - an intern, an employee who does not reach the level of a Junior-specialist.
TS(or more " T opik with tarter ", from the English. " topic starter») - a person who brought up a certain topic for discussion. The one who started the conversation / discussion.
Tulza(from the English " tools») - auxiliary software designed to perform specific tasks. Synonym for utility.
Tutorial(from the English " tutorial») - a collection of lessons for learning something, a textbook.
Chan- girlfriend, girl.
Utility(or more " utility", From the English. " utility") - auxiliary software designed to perform auxiliary work, set up system equipment, operating systems and other things. In other words, a program that helps you do something.
Firewall(from the English " firewall") Is an antivirus that protects your computer from viruses. From English it means "burning wall" - here it should be understood as a wall that protects other buildings from the spread of fire. Another name - Brandmauer (translated from German also means "burning wall").
Fakap(from the English " fuck up") - failure, failure, bummer. More or less serious mistakes are often implied.
Feedback(from the English " feedback") - Feedback. For example, user feedback= feedback from users. Under feedback means any mentions, reviews, comments, messages about the brand / company / site.
Fix(from the English " fix") - correct mistakes.
Feature(from the English " feature») - a feature, a unique opportunity, a property. Popular expression: "This is not a bug, but a feature."
Flame(or more " flaming", From the English. " flame») - a dispute for the sake of a dispute, when users start communicating off the topic of conversation / discussion and switch to personal and mutual insults.
Flecha(or more " flash», « flash drive») - a storage device connected to the computer via the USB interface.
Flood(from the English " flood») - messages / comments off topic.
Flood- leave non-topic messages / comments.
Formslap- a person who is engaged in form spanking. Very often, form slips are called those who develop site templates or are engaged in their layout.
Formal spanking- any low-skilled work in programming and IT for which the requirements for experience and knowledge are minimal.
Framework(from the English " framework») - a software product / system / platform, the main purpose of which is to facilitate / simplify the creation and support of various kinds of projects / applications / services / sites.
Freelance(from the English " freelance») - work from home, outside the state, sometimes for yourself, which brings money and in which there is no regular customer / boss.
Freelancer(from the English " freelancer») - a person who is engaged in freelancing.
Frontend(from the English " front-end") - development" appearance»Site, client side. What we see outside. More details.
Hackathon(from the English " hack mar athon») - an event where specialists from different branches of software development (most often programmers, but also designers, testers) gather to develop a specific solution / project / application / program. In other words, programming marathons that programmers are going to program for.
Hard skills(from the English " hard skills») - technical knowledge and skills.
Holivar(from the English " holy war») - disputes between people who have opposite views and try to impose them on each other.
Piggy(or more " HR", From the English. " H uman R esources ") - HR specialist, recruiter. A person who is looking for employees for vacancies conducts initial interviews with them, adaptation in the team and performs a number of other related questions.
Cpu- central processor.
Kettle- beginner, inexperienced user.
ChSV - H enthusiasm WITH private V importance.
Share(or more " share", From the English. " share») - to share, give access to certain data.
Fumble- to understand, to understand something.
"The smartest" - What are the special teams called HTML language? What banks are created only by programmers? What operator ends a program in a programming language? What is the name of a computer that shares its resources with other computers when working together? What sign in most programming languages serves as a multiplication sign?
Informatics Games - INSERT ESCAPE END PAGE UP ENTER HOME. K. Good journey! M. "Keyboard". P. A. DELETE, BLACKSPACE. E. The game "travel to the informatics country". I. S. Kh. N. Yu. Station 2. "Erudites". P. Station 1.
"Game" - Invite players from the network. A certain number of points is awarded for each win or draw. You can play with: With a computer. You can play with: With a computer (1 or more computer players). Short description games III. The presentation was compiled by the company. Tuning options. Option I "Flying Sombreros".
"Logic games" - Where is the logic here? Search for materials about the first use of logical elements Design of presentations and booklets. A group of practitioners. V Everyday life: In mathematics: In literature: In computer science: Why do we need knowledge of logic? At the stop, 5 people got off, 3 people got in. What do we know about logic?
"Games for schoolchildren" - Arcade games. Non-role computer games. 5. Role-playing games. 2. COMPUTER GAMES and VIRTUAL REALITY. Role-playing computer games. Minuses??? Our classification: Game rating 2008:
"Game of Life" - Implementation and study of the game "Life" in a spreadsheet environment (MS Ecxel). Fig.1 "Blinker". An attempt to create a hypothetical machine that can reproduce itself. A population in our game is called a square (the minimum size is 3 * 3 cells). Sciences influenced by the development of the game "Life". Speaker: A. D. Posevina Nomination: mathematics.