Computer literacy. What is computer literacy? Computer grammar

Now you can’t live without a computer. Not only in order to get a job, but even in order to continue working, you have to confirm his knowledge. It happens that employees who have worked for twenty or thirty years have to pass exams in computer knowledge. And it doesn't matter - a candidate of sciences, a doctor, a professor ... If I didn't pass it - look for another place of work. But the trouble is that very many, working with a computer, know only the applications with which they work, and are unable to cope with the simplest task in something else, do not understand the logic of computer technology. Well, plus the lack of knowledge of the terminology, according to the principle "they showed me to press this button." So even those who, it would seem, do not get off their laptop, in fact, turn out to be computer ignoramuses. This also applies, by the way, to young people - often guys who see VK for days, are not able to simply change the font size in Word or make a simple presentation.
What does the concept of "computer literacy" include?
By definition, it is a complex of knowledge and skills necessary to work with computers. In detail, we can highlight:

  • knowledge of the computer device;
  • the ability to choose the required PC according to the parameters;
  • knowledge peripheral devices and the ability to connect them;
  • knowledge at least operating system Windows;
  • knowledge of basic Office applications- Word, Excell, PowerPoint;
  • the ability to master their new versions;
  • the ability to install and master new applications;
  • ability to work on the Internet, knowledge of browsers;
  • availability of information search skills.

Knowledge of the computer device and the ability to choose the required PC

"Definition" that a computer has "this box, which is the computer itself, has a screen and a mouse", alas, I happened to hear from adults who have been using computing technology... However, normally you need to know what a processor is, RAM, hard drives, floppy drives, what are their main parameters - for example, speed - for the processor, size - for memory, etc.; what are the monitors. Only knowing them, you can choose the necessary and sufficient tool for work (many have to explain this).

Knowledge of peripheral devices and the ability to connect them

It is not by chance that I put this into a separate item. If no one has any problems with connecting a mouse or speakers, then connecting a printer can turn into a critical problem for many, because they do not know that they need to install a device driver on their computer, and if it is not there, find and download a device driver. There are even problems with connecting a multimedia projector!

Knowledge of Windows

It often does not exceed the level "here is the screen, and on it you need to click this picture." Therefore, knowledge is required, at least, how to use windows, the Start menu, the control panel, and independently change the simplest settings.

Knowledge of the main applications and the ability to master their new versions

Word - creation text files, editing text, changing the font, style and size, page settings, using templates and services, including spell checking. To this I often want to add the ability to use the keyboard - I always show you how to work with the somewhat forgotten ten-finger system; after all, it speeds up the work.
Excell - knowledge of tables, templates, using statistics, creating diagrams.
PowerPoint - the ability to create a slide, including without using templates, change the background, slide design, slide transition, animation settings, the ability to insert pictures and sound.
I will add that the emergence of new versions plunges many into despondency, since "the buttons are not there, I can not find it." Therefore, it requires the ability to reorient itself to the use of new design and new opportunities, the elimination of the fear of making a mistake. This fear is a very common phenomenon among older users.

Ability to master new applications

In the course of work, there is often a need to use specific applications, be it accounting, working with maps, photographs, video or sound. In this situation, the inner circle often cannot suggest anything. The ability to understand the logic of the program, the use of help, search for clues on the Internet - these necessary skills have to be taught additionally.

Internet

This is the simplest thing. Since even the most inexperienced regularly surf the Internet, sit in social networks. However, knowledge is needed about finding information, setting correct search queries... Working with different browsers is often a problem.

All of the above allows you to fully use the computer, feel comfortable when working. And, what is most interesting, the process of mastering this knowledge is not at all lengthy, and is not difficult even for those who have a fear of the computer. Sometimes 9-10 seminars are enough (just in terms of the number of skills) to master this amount of knowledge.

Modern society, the market for goods, services and labor are characterized by a rapid pace of change, which is largely caused by the intensive development of ICT. The role of the computer in the life of an ordinary person is growing rapidly. The computer is used in almost all spheres of public life: in education and medicine, on television and radio, in industry and agriculture, etc., where it turns out to be an effective auxiliary tool. Today, ICT has become the property of small businesses, shops, institutions, employment offices, and even farms.

With the help of computer systems, documentation is maintained, e-mail and communication with data banks are provided. Computers are used to perform a wide range of production tasks, ensure the smooth operation of various units. Computer networks connect different users located in one institution or located in different regions of the country, etc.

All this indicates that the most important condition for a full life in information society and successful professional activity is computer literacy of citizens. This means that anyone should have an elementary understanding of what a personal computer is, a Windows operating system, and be able to work in applications. Microsoft Office(Word, Excel, PowerPoint), be able to use the services of the global Internet.

In the area of ​​a personal computer (PC), the user should know:

    what is a PC;

    how the PC works;

    where the PC is used;

    what computer to buy based on your needs;

    main PC devices (external and internal);

    units of measurement of information;

    rules for the care and safety of working with a PC;

    basic information about software;

    ways to install and remove programs from a PC.

The user should, at a minimum, be able to correctly turn on and off the PC, use the keyboard and mouse, connect external devices to the PC, install and remove programs from the computer, select the PC that meets his tasks.

In the operating room Windows systems the user should know:

    whatoperating system (OS);

    how the OS controls the personal computer;

    what operating systems exist; standard programs Windows (Notebook , WordPad , Paint );

    conceptDesktop ;

    Windows window structure;

    whatfiles andfolders ;

    whatdirectory tree ;

    whatExplorer, Clipboard, programSearch, Windows help system ;

    whatarchives and why are they needed;

    whatcomputer viruses and ways to protect against computer viruses.

The user must be able to manage windows (to interact with multiple windows); run and use standard programs; use the Windows help system; use the program in work Conductor; own different ways work with files and folders (create, name, rename, copy, move, delete folders and files, restore deleted files to the trash); create shortcuts for frequently used files; copy files to a floppy disk, flash card; write to the CD; search for folders and files on your PC; create an archive and extract files / folders from the archive, use antivirus programs (be able to check internal and removable devices for viruses).

In the area of ​​a local network, a knowledge-based user (what isthe local network , server , network printer ) should be able to?

    view local network resources,

    organize access to the resources of your PC in the local network,

    own methods of printing on the local network.

    In the area of ​​work in MS Word application, the user should know

    what is MS Word,

    the structure of the Word window and the purpose of the main toolbars, the basic rules for entering text;

    ways to create and work with documents: basic ways to insert tables, pictures, AutoShapes and WordArt objects, image editing, etc.

Based on this knowledge, the user should be able to:

    create documents using Word;

    colorfully draw up documents using drawings,

    frames, fills, backgrounds, and WordArt;

    create and arrange tables in documents;

    check spelling;

    own methods of document formatting (working with fonts, headers and footers, lists, columns);

    print documents.

In the area of ​​work in MS Excel, the user should have an idea of ​​what MS Excel is, know:

    the structure of the Excel window and the purpose of the main toolbars; the structure of the spreadsheet (columns, rows, cells);

    ways of formatting and editing cells (adding, deleting, merging, etc.);

    conceptsAutocomplete , Formula , Autosum , Sorting data , ways of building diagrams, etc.

    fill spreadsheets with arbitrary and uniform data; format, add, delete, merge cells;

    make simple calculations using formulas;

    sort data in ascending, descending and alphabetical order;

    build graphs and charts based on tables;

    arrange printed documents using Excel.

In the field of work in MS PowerPoint, the user should have an idea of ​​what MS PowerPoint is, know effective ways creating presentations using templates,

    be able to use the designer and templates in the design of slides when creating a presentation;

    customize the animation;

    show presentations.

In the field of work on the Internet, the user should have an idea of ​​what isInternet and information retrieval portals;

    know the criteria for choosing a provider;

    e-mail, ftp, WWW, IP-telephony capabilities;

    Browser BasicsInternet Explorer ;

    concept “e-government ”;

    types of Internet services;

    ways of making e-payments;

    How does it work Email; whatdistance learning .

    Based on this knowledge, the user should be able to:

    connect to the Internet at home;

    search for the necessary information in Kazakh and foreign resources using various search engines;

    save the information received on your PC;

    use Internet services, chat rooms, forums;

    get a free personal mailing address;

    set up a mail system at home,

    create, send and receive emails,

    attach files to emails.

An in-depth analysis of the approaches to the definition and interpretation of the essence of informatics that have emerged to date leads to the conclusion that one of the most objective is the interpretation of Academician V.M. Glushkov: informatics is an attribute organically inherent in a civilized society, which has as its subject the satisfaction of the information needs of the main spheres of its life ...

The modern relevance of informatics is directly related to the development of computer technology, telecommunications, and artificial intelligence. In the materials published by the UNESCO Center for Informatics, dedicated to the system of advanced education, informatics is currently defined as a fundamental science in which three main areas are identified:

Theoretical informatics;

Technical informatics;

Social informatics.

Society of the late twentieth century. is often called informational, and changes in it are called informational revolution. Thanks to the rapid development computer technology what seemed incredible a few years ago is becoming a reality - people from different countries have access to a wide variety of information anywhere in the world, exchange information with each other and even communicate in real time. One gets the impression that the law of life in our time is becoming the statement of N. Wiener: "To really live is to live with the correct information." But for this you need to know the rules for navigating the vast ocean of available information and have a certain culture to select the necessary information. The level of information culture of a modern person is determined by many criteria: his ability to formulate his need for information, knowledge of publicly available sources of information and the ability to use them, the ability to effectively search, evaluate, use information and create a qualitatively new one. Of course, every person today needs computer literacy and experience in the practical use of computers.

Unfortunately, the level of information and information about the culture of most people in our country is low. On the one hand, this is due to the insufficient implementation of information technologies in all spheres of human life and activities, and on the other hand, the lack of a system for training literate information consumers. This problem is of particular concern in relation to young people.

For young people, information technologies open up access to information, which means knowledge, provide completely new opportunities for acquiring professional knowledge and for creativity, and introduce them to the values ​​of world culture. Therefore, the formation of the information culture of the younger generation is a very important task. The school should first of all deal with its solution. For more than 10 years, the country's schools have been teaching the special subject "Fundamentals of Informatics and Computer Engineering". Initially, the goals were set to teach schoolchildren the basics of computer literacy and programming languages, the use of computers to study other disciplines, as well as for professional training in the field of computing. It cannot be said that these goals have been fully achieved - until now, a significant part of schools do not have computers.

Today, in connection with the accelerated processes of informatization of society by the education system, a new goal is being set - the formation of a style of thinking in students that is adequate to the requirements of the modern information society, the education of an information worldview. The essence of the education reform is that a huge amount of information in databases, knowledge bases, computerized archives, reference books and encyclopedias becomes available to the learner. Currently, there is practically no access to such "electronic" information in schools.

Definition of the concept of "computer literacy". Why is it necessary to be literate in the field of computer technology these days?

Modern life is constantly changing and pleases us with various informational innovations. Now, for example, you will not meet a person who would not apply in Everyday life mobile phone... And computers have long been firmly entrenched in our lives and surround people everywhere (at school, at work, in a bank, airport, store and other places).

Therefore, any person living in an age of technological progress must have minimal computer literacy. This topic is relevant in the twenty-first century and takes on special significance in the life of both young people and people of middle and older age. IT tutors will help you to get the necessary knowledge, finding such a private teacher will not be difficult, you just need to use the search on the Internet or contact training centers.

So what exactly is computer literacy?

Computer literacy is, first of all, the ability to work on a computer and other similar information devices; minimum knowledge of basic office programs, skills of independent management of folders and files; understanding of the main terms of computer science.

Such skills cannot be mechanical, such as the ability to ride a bicycle, knit, sew on a sewing machine, work at a machine. This knowledge and skills rather depend on mental activity and require repetition and constant training.

Why do you need to be computer literate?

Computer technologies affect the change in the system of relationships between people, state and society, and even between countries. Computer literacy is rightfully part of information development society.

The personal computer has become a way to communicate and exchange information at home and in offices, factories and businesses. It provides access to many databases and, at times, replaces TV, VCR, radio, mail, and personal diary.

A computer will help if you feel sad and want to communicate. He will give the answer to almost any question of interest, largely thanks to millions of people like you who have gone through the experience of studying a computer and now write tips and articles on various topics.

The computer is interesting and useful for people of any age. With the help of the Internet, you can find long-lost and forgotten childhood friends or make new acquaintances. On social networks, both global and “kitchen” problems are discussed hourly.

Today, being literate in the field of computer technology is an important human quality that helps to cope with daily changing tasks.

It is also information literacy, without which a full-fledged human activity is impossible, his awareness of himself as an individual in an information society, as part of a general technological and cultural process.

Computer literacy is the quality that must be passed on to young and future generations for the further progress of all mankind.

A person looking for a job will almost certainly face such a requirement of a potential employer as knowledge of a PC. It happens that we are talking about high level computer skills - programming, three-dimensional modeling, work in accounting programs.

But more often than not, you need basic user skills: the ability to check mail, type text, make a query in a search engine, enter numbers into a ready-made table. In any case, computer literacy is the first qualifying stage on the way to making money.

Where else do you need PC knowledge

Finding a job isn't the only reason to master a computer. For many users, this is the opportunity to communicate, sometimes the only one. Postal correspondence, video telephony, social networks, messengers simply save people who are forced to be at home or in the hospital.

The need to express yourself, pursue a hobby, find admirers and like-minded people on the Internet is easily realized. Closed and lonely people share their poems, images, videos and understand that their work and ideas are interesting and in demand.

Computer literacy is also an opportunity to save time when making an appointment with a doctor or paying:

  • utilities;
  • courses and training programs;
  • products, industrial goods, tickets, etc.

Finally, the Internet provides invaluable access to almost any information. This is a rare opportunity to receive information that is not in the official media, analyze it and draw your own conclusions that are not imposed by anyone.

Where to begin

One of the most available ways to learn something - to go to the Internet and find the necessary data there. A person who does not know the basics of computer literacy needs help in this. The easiest way is to turn to someone of your acquaintances for her. The skills you need to get first:

  • how to turn on (turn off) the computer;
  • how to click the mouse (once or twice);
  • how to open the Internet and use a search engine.

Everything that the mentor showed should be recorded in detail. Novice users, especially those of retirement age, quickly forget this first lesson. Further, a person is able to work on his own, making the necessary requests and opening sites that are useful for himself.

If there is no one to help

Not being able to contact friends or family, you can take computer literacy courses. They are in any city. You can find such courses by following the ads:

  • in newspaper ads;
  • in a creeping line or TV commercials.

In 2015, Dmitry Medvedev signed a document according to which a special social program... Retired and unemployed people can receive free assistance in learning to work in personal computer... In many cities there are free courses for those wishing to master the PC. Computer training for pensioners is funded by the Pension Fund.

To find out if there are such courses in your city, you can contact:

  • to the bodies of social protection;
  • to branches The Pension Fund;
  • to libraries.

The people working in these structures do not have to be aware of the opportunity to learn. But it is necessary to ask - there will always be caring citizens who are ready to make a request from their work computer and help.

What you need to know about your PC

Computer literacy for beginners involves mastering the following skills:


How to start exploring the Internet


Upward movement

  1. Cleaning up your computer. Unnecessary files like garbage must be removed periodically. Otherwise, the system will slow down. The procedure should be performed at least once a month.
  2. Recovery. The system crashes at times. Before calling a service technician, you can try to perform the repair yourself.
  3. Mastering Skype. To expand the possibilities of communication, you need to register in the program and configure it.
  4. Using "Torrent". Installing the program gives you access to transferring movies and computer toys to your computer.

When using "Torrent", it is necessary to take into account an important thing - computer literacy and computer culture should ideally coincide. We must not forget about ethics and copyright. By downloading a pirated program, the user also distributes it through "Torrent" (this is how his system works), automatically becoming an intruder.

There is no limit

Many people, having felt confident in the Internet space, create their own blogs. A person almost always has something to say, and there are people who will find this information useful.

Sites are, as a rule, the next evolutionary stage of users' “maturation” after a blog. They are made not only for pleasure, but also to earn money - at least by placing ads.

Computer literacy is always self-development. First, what others offer is mastered and used, then something of our own is created. The knowledge necessary to work on a PC in the area that is interesting and in demand is accumulated and turns the user from a “dummy” into a creator and professional.

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