Enable vpn dhcp connection. Enabling DHCP on the network adapter. Configuring network adapters

It is well known that in order to work with a network, each device, be it a computer, laptop, tablet or phone, must have a specific electronic identifier - an IP address, as well as configured mask, gateway and DNS server data. When connected, the network interface immediately tries to get this address from special equipment that is engaged in the automatic distribution of addresses. If such equipment is not found, then the user has to enter the network parameters manually. If there are many computers on the network, then addressing errors and duplicate addresses are possible, leading to system failures and slowing down the performance of the network as a whole. V home network, in the absence of automatic distribution of addresses, you have to register network parameters manually on each device to connect, for example, to a router. Not every user has sufficient knowledge and experience to properly change these settings. Therefore, at home, too, many users are trying to deploy automatic distribution of addresses, that is, deploy a DHCP server.

What is DHCP?

Let's figure this out. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) has been implemented to avoid addressing errors. This is a function that dynamically distributes network settings to connected client machines. If on these devices in the settings there is a parameter "obtain an IP address only from a DHCP server" and the DHCP service is enabled, then all responsibility for correct setting network settings on client computers are passed to the DHCP server. This significantly reduces the cost of maintaining and managing the network, and also helps to avoid address distribution errors. A service that includes DHCP starts automatically by default when any device that supports wired or wireless network... For example, on tablets or phones, it is enough to turn on Wi-Fi and among the devices found that distribute the Internet, find your own and connect to it. At the same time, automatic distribution of addresses eliminates duplicate IP and, as a result, helps to avoid network conflicts.

How is the distribution of addresses

When any client device connects to the network, a special broadcast request is sent to the network in order to find the DHCP server distributing the parameters of this network. What kind of server is this and why is it important for a large network? This is the name of the device that is responsible for distributing addresses to computers on the network for their automatic application to various clients. If such a server is present, then it creates a packet with a response to the client's request, which can include settings such as IP address, netmask, gateway parameters, DNS server addresses, domain name, etc. and sends this packet to the client device ... The client receives an acknowledgment signal from the DHCP server. The generated data packet is standardized, so it can be decrypted and used by almost any operating system.

The parameters issued by the server for the client device have a limited configurable validity period, which has its own name - "lease time". The addresses issued by the server are analyzed for coincidence with the valid addresses with unexpired lease time, therefore, duplicate addresses are excluded. Usually the rental period is short - from a few hours to 4-6 days. After this period expires, the device repeats the request to the server and receives from it the same address (if it is still free) or any free one.

Client settings for automatic network settings in Windows

In order for the client to receive response network parameters from DHCP, it is necessary to check several settings in the Computer Control Panel (considered using the example of the Windows operating system). To do this, go to the Start menu, then to the Control Panel (which must be switched to the classic view) and select the "Network Connections" item. Select the network connection that is planned to work with DHCP, click on it right click mouse and go to the item "Properties". In the window that opens, go to the Properties of the Internet Protocol TCP / IP. DHCP is what? This is getting automatic network parameters. Therefore, we mark with dots the options for automatically obtaining the IP address and DNS. Having made a choice, click "OK". DHCP configuration on the client is complete. The device will now obtain an address from the DHCP server automatically when Windows starts.

DHCP configuration in Windows 7 is set similarly, but the location of adapter properties is slightly different from Windows XP. We also go to Start - Control Panel - Network Control Center and general access... We select the item "Change adapter parameters" in the left menu. Further - similar to the above for the settings in Windows XP.

Configuring automatic address distribution in other operating systems

On Linux or Android devices, connecting with a DHCP server deployed on the network is not a problem. All you need to do is turn on the network interface (wired or wireless), wait for data exchange between the device and the DHCP server, and make sure that the network settings are received and applied successfully. DHCP services are enabled by default on almost all devices.

If the connection did not occur, then it is necessary to check the status of automatic reception of addresses. For example, on Android OS, for this you need to go to Settings - Wireless networks - Wi-Fi settings- Optionally, make sure the "use static IP address" option is disabled.

DHCP transmitted data

DHCP options are parameters that are passed from the server to the client. All of these passed parameters are categorized. There are required options such as IP address and netmask. There are non-configurable service options, which, for example, indicate the beginning and end of the options in the transmitted packet. At their core, options are typical value-key pairs that can be seen and configured in security policies.

The main DHCP parameters in the packet, except for the IP address and mask, are 3 (Gateways), 6 (Domain Name Servers), 44 (NBT Name Servers), 46 (NBT Node Type). These parameters are group parameters, that is, they can have several values. For example, there may be multiple gateway or DNS server addresses. Option values ​​are configured in the DHCP server settings.

DHCP settings on the server

Before configuring the settings, you need to do a few basic DHCP options calculations. What are these options? - you ask. Options are all those network parameters that are transmitted from the server to the client. The two main options are the range of addresses to distribute and the subnet mask. The entire range of addresses of an organization is usually divided into several segments designed for various tasks, such as telecommunications, static addresses of servers, etc. To prevent static addresses from participating in the distribution, creating an additional load on the server, the ranges of distributed addresses can be limited. For example, with the operating range 192.168.1.1-192.168.1.254, you can define addresses from 1 to 10 for communication, from 11 to 30 - for servers, and for DHCP, allocate a range from 31 to 254. That is, any address from the server issued to the client, will lie only in this range. You can also configure exclusion addresses in the distributed range, and they will not be distributed to client devices either.

Further, before configuring a DHCP server, you need to decide what options it will still distribute. Is there a need to distribute, for example, gateway or DNS parameters. After that, the data is entered on the server, its activation starts and the server starts distributing addresses.

Home DHCP Server

At home, routers are often used as a DHCP server, which distribute the content received from the provider to home appliances - computers, laptops, phones, TVs and other devices connected to the network by wired or wirelessly... This creates something like a virtual server that distributes addresses to users. From the outside, it looks like one user has opened several pages in a browser on one of his computers. In this case, in fact, only one router is connected to the external network. This allows you to significantly save on the number of connected lines.

Setting up automatic addressing on the router

To set up automatic distribution of addresses to home devices, you need to connect the router to your computer (laptop) network cable... In any browser, we register the address of the router (usually 192.168.0.1). In the proposed fields for requesting a username and password, by default, we enter "admin" (often these data are indicated in the operation manual of the router). As a result, we will see the router settings menu. We go to the Lan or Network sections (the names may differ) and find a submenu with DHCP settings. How to enable address distribution on the router? Just by checking the box next to enable DHCP and restart the router.

Configuring a DHCP router

If the default settings are not satisfactory, you can change the parameter configuration. In the same menu where we have enabled the function of distributing addresses, you can enter the range of distributing IP addresses, for example 192.153.0.1 - 192.153.0.3. For work, you can specify only two addresses, for example, for a laptop and mobile phone... This limits the number of concurrent devices, which is the simplest protection for a connection.

Having created the basic settings, you need to save them and restart the router. The settings will take effect immediately after reboot.

Before turning off DHCP, you need to make sure that static addresses are set on the devices. To disable automatic distribution, you need to uncheck the DHCP option in the router settings, save the changes and reboot the device.

It is unlikely that we will be able to discover America, saying that before connecting a computer to the Internet via a TCP / IP network, you must first configure the DHCP network protocol. What can you say here? It is he who is responsible for ensuring that the PC automatically receives an IP address and other necessary parameters for full use of the Internet. By default, such a protocol is automatically activated in Windows. True, it does not always work. In this case, you have to think about how to manually enable DHCP in Windows 7. And this is actually easy to do.

Method number 1: Start through the "Services" option

Based on the client-server DHCP action model, you can enable this network protocol in Windows 7 through the Services service. In this case, initially you need to enter the "Start" menu, go to the "Control Panel" section, and in it select the "Administrative Tools" tab:

Further, in the list that opens, we find and click on the "Services" item so that a window for the corresponding service appears. After it has opened, we look for the DHCP client service in it and start it by clicking the corresponding button in the menu on the left:

The next step is to check the startup type of the service. Ideally, it should start automatically. If this is not the case, right-click on the DHCP client item, select the Properties tab in the menu that appears, set the automatic startup type and save the settings by clicking the OK button:

As a result of such actions, the network protocol in OS Windows 7 will be triggered automatically, without requiring additional settings.

Method number 2: Configuring through the "Network Control Center"

It is not more difficult to debug the operation of the network protocol in the "client-server" model by setting the parameters for connecting to local network in the "Network Control Center". In this case, the procedure will be as follows:

As a result, we can immediately start working on the Internet, because all desired settings DHCP in this way are included in OS Windows 7. If you wish, of course, you can check the serviceability of the service using command line.

How do I enter it in Windows 7? In different ways, for example, by pressing the and R buttons on the keyboard, launch the Run utility and drive the cmd.exe task into it. One way or another, after entering the "Command line", all that remains is to write the ipconfig / all value in it, confirm the entry by pressing Enter and check the connection settings, including the DHCP operation parameters. That's all!

As long as the owner of the computer does not need local and Internet connections, you do not have to worry about how to enable DHCP on a router, modem, or. But with a network, everything is completely different. Of course, you can safely use the capabilities of the system all your life without even knowing it. An inquisitive user, for sure, at least once in operating system or on the device configuration page saw the DHCP settings. What is hidden under this abbreviation, and how to enable DHCP?

Existing at a given time suggests that any computing device connecting to the network must have at least a unique IP address and a number of other parameters that allow identification. To get this data, in fact, means to make it visible to all other participants. It is like a first and last name, allowing you to quickly find and distinguish people. In contrast to the real world, the identifying parameters are assigned to the client computer by the server at the time of connection, therefore they are not rigidly fixed and can be changed. It should be noted here that at the dawn of development network technologies each card, nevertheless, was identified through the "wired" one at the factory, however, later this practice was abolished.

DHCP is a protocol that allows dynamic configuration of a network node. For the abbreviation, the first letters of the English words are taken.It is easy to guess that DHCP can be enabled in software settings, because we are talking about a protocol. Where exactly depends on the device.

Before we figure out how to enable DHCP, we will show you how to assign IP addresses. There are three of them:

• manual. It assumes the direct indication by the administrator of the necessary data. The external hardware address of the Ethernet interface is mapped to the IP number of the connecting computer. To do this, IP and This method allows you to use the same address every time you connect. For example, if it is necessary to "share" a webcam, then its address must always remain unchanged;
• dynamic. Most commonly used. The server assigns the necessary free addresses from the entire available range to the connecting device. After the end of the session time, the client device makes a repeated request to obtain the required data;
• automatic. The session time is not limited, so the assigned IP address is constant.

It is easy to see that dynamic configuration is the optimal solution if there are no special requirements. That is why the question "how to enable DHCP" is often asked.

The answer is complex. First of all, in the list of system services, we check the status of NetBios and DHCP. We call the properties "My Computer", then "Management - Services and Applications - Services". Here the DHCP client and the NetBios support module (often also needed) are set to the mode automatic start.

How do I enable DHCP if the function is still inactive?

Then everything depends on the equipment used. If we are talking, for example, about a router or ADSL modem, then DHCP should be enabled on the device configuration page. We launch the browser, in address bar we type 192.168.0.1. Next, you need to enter a password. If it has not been specifically changed, then the default is admin. In the settings menu, look for DHCP and turn it on.

And finally, in the properties of the connection itself (Network - Internet Protocol), you need to translate everything into auto mode receiving addresses. Of course, this only works if there is a server on the network. Thus, two computers connected via Ethernet will not be able to work correctly if at least one of them is not switched to server mode. Accordingly, the automatic IP acquisition mode in this case would be useless.

When the number of computers in the house becomes equal to two or more, there is a logical desire to organize them into a local network, which will provide convenient interaction between individual machines. In this case, using the capabilities of the local network, it will be possible to access the Internet through a single connection, exchange files over the network, remotely control individual computers, print documents on shared printer... It is very easy to organize such a network based on a router or ADSL modem with a built-in router. To do this, you just need to enable DHCP on the network adapter of each computer and start the corresponding service on the router or modem that will act as a server.

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a configuration protocol that allows computers to automatically configure themselves to communicate with other computers on the network through a server or router. This protocol was specially designed to facilitate configuration and connection to a local network.

1. Before enabling DHCP on the network adapter, make sure the DHCP Server service is enabled on the router or ADSL modem. To do this, go to the control panel of the router through the web interface, using the administrator's login and password, and in the network settings, check that the checkbox next to the item "Assign IP addresses automatically" is checked. In the event that the device interface is not Russified, look for the Dynamic IP Address Mode item in the network settings, or something similar. As a last resort, consult your user manual to find the appropriate setting.

   If this service is not activated, then check the box, save the settings made and reboot the router or ADSL modem.
   

2. Make sure the DHCP Client service is running on every computer that you plan to connect to the network. To do this in operating systems Windows Vista and Windows 7 type services.msc in the search bar that appears above the Search button after you press it and press the Enter key on your keyboard.

   

   
   

   In the window that opens, find the "DHCP client" service and make sure that its state corresponds to "Running" and the value of the startup type is configured as "Automatic". If this is not the case, then right-click on the service line, select the "Properties" item in the menu that appears, and in the window that opens, for the "Startup type" value, select the "Automatic" value from the list. Click the "OK" button to save the changes and restart your computer.

   

   
   
3. In order to enable DHCP on the network adapter, enter the settings network connections... For this in operating rooms Windows systems For Vista and Windows 7, enter the Ncpa.cpl command in the search bar that appears above the Search button after you press it, and press the Enter key on your keyboard.

   

   
   In the Windwows XP operating system, this command must be entered into the input field of the window that appears after pressing the Ctrl + R keyboard shortcut.

   Without the command line, it is also possible to enter the network connection settings through the Control Panel.

   Find the connection that is used on your local network and right-click on its icon. In the emerging context menu select "Properties".

   

   
   Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP / IPv4) and click the Properties button.

Every day the number of questions about computers is growing. And many of them are primarily associated with the worldwide network. Among the questions asked by many users, the DHCP service is often mentioned. How to install and configure it? After reading what is written below, you will understand why this server is needed, how to work with it.

Basic information about DHCP

Absolutely every user whose computer works under Windows control server type, capable of installing a service such as a DHCP server. However, sometimes this process is accompanied by some problems. In this regard, the above operating system has a concept that makes authorization possible using Active Directory... This happens just before servicing requests from the client. If a server that is a member of the domain is not authorized in Active Directory, the service will not be able to start.

What do you need to know to install the required server?

A service called DHCP Servers can be installed only on the computer that is controlled by Windows type... In order to install such a server, you will need the following:

1. Go to "Add or Remove Programs", which is located in the "Control Panel".

2. You will need to select the "Add and remove components" tab, which is located on the left pane.

3. After that the "Component Wizard" should start. You will need to click on the "Next" button.

4. You should select such a section as "Network Services" and click on the button called "Composition".

5. You will need to select the "Dynamic Host Configuration" entry and click on the "OK" button.

6. After that, you will need to click on the "Finish" button, and then on the "Close" item.

How to go through the service authorization procedure?

1. Complete the registration procedure, assuming the rights of a member of the Enterprise Administrators group.

2. Open the server snap-in through the "Administrative Tools" tab, which is located in the "Start" menu in all programs.

3. Select the snap-in element that is the root. You need to click on it with the right mouse button and find a command called "Browse authorized servers".

4. This will show all services. To add a new DHCP server, you need to click on the "Add" button.

5. Enter the data (IP-address of the new server or its name). After that, press the "OK" button.

6. Then you need to close everything by clicking on the appropriate button.

After the parameters that the DHCP server has are updated, the red arrow will change its color to green. Please note that the update procedure can take several minutes.

What needs to be done to configure the server?

The installed server should be configured using a special utility called DHCP Manager. It will need to be installed after the installation of the corresponding service occurs. So how do you configure a DHCP server?

1. It is necessary to open the previously installed program. DHCP Manager is located in the "Administration" tab.

2. Having found the inscription “ Local computer", You need to double-click on it with the right mouse button.

3. It is necessary to select the "Create" command, which is located in the menu under the name "Area".

4. Opens In it you will need to enter information of the following type: initial address, final address. Accordingly, the user, when entering this data, delineates the boundaries of the client's use. You will also need to enter those initial and final addresses that you want to exclude from the range. You will also need to dial data regarding the only address that is excluded from the general range, the time of its use, and the name.

5. After entering any comments, you will need to click on the "OK" button.

6. When prompted to make the range active, you will need to click the "Yes" button.

Now you know how to set up a DHCP server. Hope that this information will come in handy for you.

How to enable the required service properly?

So, the main parameters possessed by the DHCP server were examined in as much detail as possible. How do I enable it? Before doing this, you need to understand that DHCP is a special protocol that is required to automatically issue IP addresses to personal computers. Accordingly, the connection to the World Wide Web will also depend on this server.

You will need to start the computer as an administrator. Then you need to go to the "Start" menu. In the line titled "Run" you must enter a command such as napclcfg.msc, then press the "OK" button. After the corresponding window opens, you will need to make a choice in favor of such an item as "Compulsory protection clients". In the list that opens, select the required forced DHCP). By clicking on it with the right mouse button, you must select the "Enable" command.

What if there is a need to combine several computers into one network?

Sometimes several PCs have to be combined into one network. And in order not to manually assign IP addresses, the DHCP service is involved. This is done as follows:

1. You must put on personal computer obtaining an IP address in automatic mode.

2. After it is loaded, a request will be sent to provide an address.

3. Such a request will be received by absolutely all computers that are on the same network. However, the answer to it will only be generated by the DHCP server. It is he who will provide the computer with the address that is free. Also, data about the mask, gateway address, etc. will be transmitted.

4. After receiving all the necessary parameters, the computer will be able to apply them. Naturally, after the reboot, the request will be sent over again. Accordingly, a new IP address will be received.

What do I need to do to configure the service through the router?

You should take a closer look at how to enable the DHCP server of the router. To do this, you will need to log out to the device itself and start configuring the IP address.

1. Command Router> en allows you to get privileged status.

2. The Router # conf t command will help to enter the global configuration.

3. By entering Router (config) #inf fa0 / 1, it becomes possible to enter the interface configuration mode.

4. By entering Router (config-if) #ip address, you can set the IP address. The subnet mask will also be set.

5. The Router (config-if) #no shut label will allow shutting down the interface.

6. By typing a command such as Router (config-if) #exit, you can return to the global configuration menu.

How to properly configure the server itself?

After all the above points have been completed, you can proceed to setting up the server. It is he who will distribute all the necessary parameters to computers.

1. Using the Router (config) #ip dhcp pool test command, you will be able to create pool addresses that will be named Test.

2.Using the Router (dhcp-config) #network command, the subnet will be specified. It is on it that the distribution of the IP address is made.

3. Due to the Router (dhcp-config) # default-router command, a parameter such as default-gateway will be transmitted to a specific computer.

4. allows you to pass a parameter specific to the DNS network.

5. The Router (dhcp-config) #exit command returns you to the global configuration menu.

But what if you don't need to distribute absolutely all addresses?

Quite often, configuring, for example, a DHCP server on Windows 7, there is a desire to distribute not all the addresses that are on the subnet, but only some of them. In this case, everything must be set statically. This can usually be attributed to servers. In addition, the address specific to a particular router does not always have to be given to anyone. As an example, you can use a single command to select certain addresses that you do not need to distribute.

When configuring a DHCP server on Windows 7, you can enter an inscription such as Router (config) #ip dhcp excluded-address. It allows you to remove from the distribution all addresses that are in a certain range. If you then turn on the computer, which is adjusted to automatically issue addresses, you can see that it received the IP address that is currently free.

Is there any other way to configure the service correctly?

Now you know what a router DHCP server is and how you can configure it. But there is another configuration method that applies to devices of the Cisco model.

If there are a large number of various subnets and a desire to make sure that all addresses are distributed in a centralized way through the use of one server, then you will not need to configure the server on the device, but indicate where it is located. As an example, you can demonstrate the following set of commands that will help you achieve your goal:

1. Router (config) #int fa0 / 1. This command allows you to enter the settings of the interface, which records all requests from computers.

2. Router (config-if) #ip helper-address. By typing a similar inscription, you can specify the address at which the server we need is located. Accordingly, access to this server must be given to a specific router. In addition, the configuration of the pool of addresses that will be distributed must be completely completed.

A similar scheme, which allows you to configure a DHCP server on Linux, Windows, Cisco, assigns the router itself the role of an intermediary. If a request is received from a specific computer, the device will simply forward it to the server specified in the command. It will also deliver the request in the opposite direction.

Don't be intimidated by the complexity of installing the service

Hope that this review helped to sort out all the questions you are interested in and understand what a server such as DHCP is, why you need it and how to configure it. In fact, everything turns out to be even simpler than described in the article. Therefore, if you have a need to configure and install the service, then you can safely read the review and act. Good luck with your endeavors!

What errors can cause server settings not to be saved?

When working with a DHCP server, you may encounter the following errors:

1. The change to the basic settings was incorrectly assigned.

2. The addresses were entered incorrectly.

3. The user entered the wrong subnet mask.

4. The router address was entered incorrectly.

5. The address of the router is out of range for the subnet.

6. The domain was set incorrectly.

7. The DNS server was not specified correctly.

8. The user entered the address of the time server inaccurately.

9. An error occured while introducing or adjusting ranges.

10. The IP addresses were created inaccurately.

11. The destination address was entered incorrectly.

12. It was not possible to add the required range.

13. Until all addresses are set correctly, the range will not be added.

14. A range has been entered, the parameters of which match the parameters of the already existing range in the DHCP server.

These are the main errors most commonly encountered by numerous users. Remember that everything must be done carefully and thoroughly, so that later you do not have to correct the previously entered data.