How to find out the unix version. How do I know which Linux distribution and version are running? Distribution-specific options

Linux is installed on your computer, just read this file: $ cat / etc / * release *
DISTRIB_ID = Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE = 8.0
DISTRIB_CODENAME = hardy
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION = "Ubuntu 8.0.2"

For Ubuntu and almost all Linux distributions built on Debian use the command: $ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 8.0.2
Release: 8.0
Codename: hardy

Another way to determine your Linux version is to open konsole and log in as as root... Next, you need to run the command: cat /etc/issue.net The screen will display information about the Linux distribution, for example, Ubuntu 8.04.

Also, in some Linux distributions, you can find out about the version of the operating system in the help file. Select "System" from the Gnome panel and click on "About". The documentation loaded on the screen in the first welcome paragraph contains information about the installed OS and its version.

Sources:

  • how to find out what linux I have

The Linux operating system is an alternative to the popular OS from Microsoft Windows. This system is free and free for distribution, many users already use it and have been able to appreciate its benefits.

You will need

  • - a computer with Internet access;
  • - browser.

Instructions

Visit the free encyclopedia site Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux to read about Linux. Go to the "History" section - it describes the creation of this operating system and the stages of its development. In the Applications section, you will find out where the operating system is most commonly used. The Linux Distributions section contains a description of the various versions of this operating system. For example, ubuntu is the most common distribution at the moment. Also on the site there are sections "Criticism", "Security", "Criticism from Microsoft", links to other articles. Go to the appropriate section for information about Linux.

Go to the site http://forum.ubuntu.ru/... These are Russian-speaking users of Ubuntu - the most widespread Linux distribution kit. Select the "Install and update the system" section if you want to know how this operating system is installed. Open the section "system distribution", there find your region and read the information about who you can get the disc with the operating system. Go to the "Equipment" section to find out about the questions Linux compatibility with various equipment, possible problems and ways to eliminate them.

Go to the Vkontakte website, go to the "Search" section at the top of the page. Enter linux and your region in the search field, select the "Groups" section in the field on the right and press Enter. Select a user group for this operating system. Go to the "Discussions" section to find out the information you are interested in about Linux. If there is no such question here, create a new thread and ask your question. After a while, go to this topic and view it. Maybe you have already been answered. This is usually done quite quickly.

Linux is a modern fast-growing operating system. It is highly stable and safe. Linux has flexible user management settings and extensive console management capabilities.

You will need

  • A computer with a linux operating system.

Instructions

Everything Accounts users on linux are stored in text file/ etc / passwd. Each line of the file contains information about one of the accounts. It contains 7 fields, separated by colons: 1. Login2. An unused field where the password hash was stored on older systems. 3. User identifier (uid) 4. Primary group id for the account (gid) 5. Personal information about the user, for example, real name and contact numbers. 6. Home directory location 7. Command shell.

By default, the / etc / passwd file is readable by any user. You can view the entries in it through text editor using console utilities or a graphical interface.

User accounts differ in type: 1. Root user, uid = 0.2. System accounts. 3, Regular users. For Red Hat based systems, they have uid 500 or more, and for Debian based systems, 1000.

In the / etc / passwd file, the accounts are not sorted by type, so if you want to list only ordinary users linux, use filters. For example, this grep command can list only regular users for debian systems by filtering them by uid: cat / etc / passwd | grep -e "^ [^:] *: [^:] * :( 4,)" Or, adding the cut command to the pipeline, get only their logins and home directories: cat / etc / passwd | grep -e "^ [^:] *: [^:] * :( 4,)" | cut -d: -f1,6

Besides the file itself and the console utilities, you can get a list of users using graphics programs... For example, the KDE shell contains the "User Management and" customization module.

The top window of the module displays a list of accounts. By clicking on any of them, you will get a description of it at the bottom of the window. The module displays only regular users and root by default, but by checking the corresponding checkbox below the list, you will see system users as well.

When switching to using the Linux operating system, the user wishes that files of all formats to which he is accustomed can be viewed and sometimes edited in the new OS. In this case, the user is faced with the problem of determining the application to work with certain file formats.

If you need more information you can use various commands, although they may not work on every distribution, they certainly work on the most popular ones. Just like before, open a terminal and type the following there:

Cat / etc / * release

You will get something like the following screenshot, and you can see that not only the release information is here, but we were also given a codename and even a URL. What really happened here is that Mint has an / etc / os-release file, but other versions might have something like / etc / redhat-release or a completely different name. By using * in the command, we simply printed the contents of any of them to the console.

Different distributions have different release and update cycles. Different distributions install in their installers different drivers which means that depending on which distribution you are using, you will find that different hardware may or may not work out of the box. While you can often install other drivers with a little extra work, it certainly isn't fun. If not, just know that you will need to do a bit more work to get everything up and running on first install.

The easiest method is of course cat / etc / issue, but the one we used is even better.

How to see the kernel version

Distro version and Linux kernel version are two completely different things. You can easily see the version number by opening a terminal and typing the following there:

In the output this will give something like the following, where we can see that the kernel version is 3.13.0.

Photo by Garrett. The larger the community surrounding the distribution, the more likely you will be able to get help, find documentation for a specific problem or piece of hardware, and otherwise get information. Pop the forums of your chosen distributions and see which ones work for you. The better you can get from the community, the easier the transition to this distro will be. While we highly recommend exploring outside of our humble list below, here are a few distributions that are incredibly popular and are great starting points for any search.


How to determine if a 64-bit kernel is in use or not

Sometimes already previous command can tell if a 64-bit kernel is being used, this can be determined by the text x86_64, but the easiest way to do it is a command from the terminal, which is exactly the same command as the previous one, but with -a(this is called a key), which means "everything" instead of a key -r which means "kernel release".

How to see the kernel version

Note that most distributions have variants that use different desktop environments, but we will focus on the default environments for each. Some people like it, a lot of people hate it, but you can always if you want. Rarely will you need to build a program from source.

On other distributions, you usually have to download them separately.

It is also completely community driven, which means you have support when you need help. Users are expected to update regularly and as soon as possible. This can lead to even more instability, but is great for those who always want the latest and greatest software on their system.

Its goal is to be as stable and bug-free as possible, which is great, but that means your system is rarely updated with the latest software.

From this screenshot, you can tell that the x86_64 version of Linux is running, which means 64 bits. If you were running 32-bit Linux, which you shouldn't have done on the server, it would print “i386 ″ or“ i686 ″ instead.


Naggers will probably notice that you can use the key -i to show if 32-bit or 64-bit is used (useful in scripts), but it's better to just use -a to display everything at once.

New releases are released every 1 to 3 years and the developer community can be a little harsh for those not affiliated with them. It also supports many processor architectures, which is great if you have a particularly old or unusual build. Its main scheme compared to other distributions is the configuration level. This is not the ideal distribution for your netbook.

All you have during installation is the command line from which you build your desktop environment, drivers, preferred applications, and more. Basically, you are creating your own super-customized distro. It can be as minimal or as heavy as you like, and while it takes a lot of work, the end result is fantastic. Any version from 0 to 10 is ok. The file will download, and it will open with installation. Select Command Prompt from the search results. Open the file to start the installation wizard.

GNU / Linux has already found many fans and is gaining more and more popularity today. The number of distributions is growing rapidly, so you need to be able to figure out which one is the most optimal. And this is true, because Linux is free graphical interface, which rightfully enjoys the greatest success around the world. Often the user needs to know the version of Linux, for example, to install any programs compiled for certain versions. Their numbers are calculated in the form "Year.Month" (or "YY.MM"). Thus, these numbers indicate the release date of the distribution. Another important point is that each release must have its own codename, for example "Karmic" or "Lucid Lynx".

The value for this variable is a half colon delimited list of file locations. Copy the location and add it to your path variable. Open a new command prompt and re-run the original command. If the location does not contain a version number, ask for one. This command returns the version.

Distribution-specific options

The report contains a list of changed components and installed or removed service packs. The version information command exists on all operating systems. Note. It must match the version of other products. There are several ways and means of creating clarity here. The following list shows the corresponding version files or. Under the GUI, you tend to find out quickly. For example, many programs in the Help - About dialog box provide not only information about the version of the program itself, but also the operating system being used.

What is the core really is, what are the differences between these cores, why develop them constantly and give them a score? The core is the central link of the system, it is very large, but at the same time there is an ordered and clear hierarchy of different levels. Its main components are: system calls (SCI), process control (PM), memory management (MM), and virtual system files (VFS), network stack and various device drivers. To find out the version of Linux means to find information about the kernel as well. For ordinary users who are not too versed in the field of working with software, it is extremely rare to deal with it, because not everyone will be able to cover all the important and subtle aspects of this software level. Versions differ in their interaction with hardware, drivers, and speed. And everything that the user uses is only a surface shell and GNU applications (this prefix must be present before the Linux label in the system version).

How to find your operating system version

On the command line, this works - but not so convenient. You can find the version using the kernel type, but this is much easier. To test this, enter the following command. The first part of the command returns a lot of information about the embedded processor. Check out various operating systems.

It doesn't hurt in a virtual system either, whether it's an installation error or a system that doesn't suit you at all. The tests were carried out on their main system. Another problematic topic in this area. But a lot has happened here. This is also pre-installed on steam engines. There are tools for the desktop as well as for that show the performance of the data. How about system usage, network interface, cpu and chipset temperatures? What hardware is in the system?


The user can find out the Linux version in different ways. For example, there is a utility called "lsb_release" that can be used in conjunction with the -a switch. You must first go to and then type the command. It may not be possible to install it, then the program will have to be downloaded from the repository. After entering, the screen will show the name of the distribution kit and its version.

The question of how the system is populated and how it is reflected in the harsh everyday life is not only of theoretical interest. A glance at the equipment and its use shows where the needle may arise. Diagnostic logs of hard drives and system temperature can also provide insight into the health of the system.

Desktop: Graphics System Monitors

Many of the following hardware controls are provided for the terminal, as well as detailed hardware and text-mode performance. In the top line, the average usage is displayed after the time, run time and number of registered users.

You can see the Linux version by typing "cat / etc / issue". After that, the following data should be displayed on the monitor: Debian GNU / Linux 6.0 \ n \ l or Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS \ n \ l.

The version of the kernel itself is found out using the specified function "uname -r", but if you write -a instead of the last prefix, then all the information on this command will be output.

The number before "in use" indicates the memory used. The bottom area, as in the example above, fills the list of programs and processes in which you can scroll through the arrow keys. And a detailed list of categorized hardware is compiled.

Data carrier: employment and status

The Disk Usage Analyzer provides an informative graphical view of the file system for analyzing the contents of a storage medium. To select which partitions or directories to scan, Disk Usage Analyzer displays an overview of available volumes upon startup. To visualize a storage medium, there is not only a list sorted by size, but also a pie chart. This displays the subdirectories from the selected directory in concentric circular sectors - up to five levels deep.

Also, if it is impossible to enter the system, you can find out the Linux version by rebooting the system unit and find the entire one in the boot menu. This method is used to identify which distribution is in use.

Linux system information is also stored in the / etc / lsb-release file. Therefore, to open it in the terminal, enter the following command: cat / etc / lsb-release. Also, in the Linux GUI system, you can find out the version from the user manual.

Temperature: processor and system

Depending on your directory space requirements, the circular sectors are wider or narrower, allowing you to quickly show where the large chunks lie. In the shell: directories and files are used to encrypt the command. The command displays the space requirement at the beginning of each line, ascending from the current directory. Here you will immediately see the complete layout of all connected storage media. Anyone running computer programs should monitor the temperature of the processor to provide the best cooling when needed.

So the various systems Linux family being quite sophisticated, they provide fairly simple and accessible methods for determining the version of the distribution and the kernel number. There are several options for viewing both with the use of the terminal and without it.

GNU / Linux has already found many fans and is gaining more and more popularity today. The number of distributions is growing rapidly, so you need to be able to figure out which one is the most optimal. And this is true, because Linux is the free graphical interface that rightfully enjoys the greatest success around the world. Often the user needs to know the version of Linux, for example, to install any programs compiled for certain versions. Their numbers are calculated in the form "Year.Month" (or "YY.MM"). Thus, these numbers indicate the release date of the distribution. One more important point is that each release must have its own codename, for example "Karmic" or "Lucid Lynx".

What is the core really is, what are the differences between these cores, why develop them constantly and give them a score? The core is the central link of the system, it is very large, but at the same time there is an ordered and clear hierarchy of different levels. Its main components are: system calls (SCI), process management (PM), memory management (MM), as well as the virtual file system (VFS), network stack and various device drivers. To find out the version of Linux means to find information about the kernel as well. For ordinary users who are not too versed in the field of working with software, it is extremely rare to deal with it, because not everyone will be able to cover all the important and subtle aspects of this software level. Versions differ in their interaction with hardware, drivers, and speed. And everything that the user uses is only a surface shell and GNU applications (this prefix must be present before the Linux label in the system version).

The user can find out different ways... For example, there is a utility called "lsb_release" that can be used in conjunction with the -a switch. You must first go to and then type the command. It may not be possible to install it, then the program will have to be downloaded from the repository. After entering, the screen will show the name of the distribution kit and its version.

You can see the Linux version by typing "cat / etc / issue". After that, the following data should be displayed on the monitor: Debian GNU / Linux 6.0 \ n \ l or Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS \ n \ l.

The version of the kernel itself is found out using the specified function "uname -r", but if you write -a instead of the last prefix, then all the information on this command will be output.

Also, if it is impossible to enter the system, you can find out the Linux version by rebooting system unit and find all the information you need in the download menu. This method is used to identify which distribution is in use.

Also stored in the / etc / lsb-release file. Therefore, to open it in the terminal, enter the following command: cat / etc / lsb-release. Also, in the Linux GUI system, you can find out the version from the user manual.

So, various systems Linux families, being quite complex, provide fairly simple and affordable methods for determining the distribution version and kernel number. There are several options for viewing both with the use of the terminal and without it.

When solving any problem with the system or installing a program from third-party sources, and in many other cases, you need to know the version of the distribution kit you are using. As it turns out, the user does not always remember such information. In addition, not everyone knows how to find out the version Linux distribution... Let's fix it.

How to find out the version of a Linux distribution (method number 1)

Since there are many different graphical environments, and not all distributions after installation have help with the information we need, the universal and easiest way to find out the version of the distribution is to use the terminal. Open it and enter the following command:

Lsb_release -a

Press Enter and in response you will receive the version of the distribution and its codename:

How to find out the version of a Linux distribution (method number 2)

In the catalog etc there are several files containing information about the system version, to view them you can use the command cat:

Cat / etc / * release *

It will also give information about the system, plus additional information, if any:

How to check the Linux kernel version

In addition to information about the distribution, the user often needs to find out the version Linux kernels... To do this, you can use the command uname with a specific key. For example:

Uname -r

will show only the kernel version:

To see the full output of the command, where, in addition to the kernel version, the bitness of the system will be indicated, you need to use the key -a:

Uname -a

At any operating system there is special tools or methods that allow you to find out its version. Distributions based on Linux based... In this article, we will talk about how to find out the Linux version.

Linux is just the kernel from which various distributions are developed. Sometimes it is easy to get confused in their abundance, but knowing how to check the version of the kernel itself or the graphical shell, you can find out all the necessary information at any time. And there are many ways to check.

Method 1: Inxi

Inxi will help you collect all the information about the system in no time, but it is preinstalled only in Linux Mint... But it doesn't matter, absolutely any user can install it from the official repository in a few seconds.

The installation of the utility and the work itself with it will take place in "Terminal"- analogue " Command line"In Windows. Therefore, before starting to list all possible variations of checking system information using "Terminal", it is worth making a remark and tell how to open this very "Terminal"... To do this, press the key combination CTRL + ALT + T or search the system with search query Terminal(without quotes).

Installing Inxi

  1. Write the following command in "Terminal" and press Enter to install the Inxi utility:

    sudo apt install inxi

  2. After that, you will be asked to enter the password that you specified when installing the OS.

    3. Note: when entering a password, characters in "Terminal" are not displayed, so enter the required combination and press Enter, and the system will answer you whether you entered the password correctly or not.

  3. During the download and installation of Inxi, you will need to give your consent by entering the symbol "D" and clicking Enter.

After pressing the line in "Terminal" will run up - this means that the installation process has begun. As a result, you need to wait until it ends. You can determine this by the appeared your nickname and the name of the PC.

Version check

After installation, you can check the system information by entering the following command:

After that, the following information will be displayed on the screen:

  • Host - computer name;
  • Kernel - the kernel of the system and its bit depth;
  • Desktop - graphical shell of the system and its version;
  • Distro - the name of the distribution and its version.

However, this is far from all the information that the Inxi utility can provide. To find out all the information, enter the command:

As a result, absolutely all information will be displayed.

Method 2: Terminal

Unlike the method, which will be described in the end, this has one indisputable advantage - the instruction is common for all distributions. However, if the user has just come from Windows and does not yet know what it is "Terminal", it will be difficult for him to adapt. But first things first.

If you need to determine the version of the installed Linux distribution, then there are many commands for this. The most popular of them will now be analyzed.


This is not all, but only the most common commands for checking the Linux version, but they will be more than enough to find out the whole necessary information about the system.

Method 3: special tool

This method is perfect for those users who have just started to get acquainted with the Linux-based OS and are still wary of "Terminal" as it lacks a graphical interface. However, this method also has its drawbacks. So, with the help of it you cannot find out all the details about the system at once.


So we learned the Linux version, using the graphical interface of the system for this. It is worth repeating, saying that the arrangement of elements in different operating systems may differ, but the bottom line is one thing: to find the system settings in which to open information about it.

Conclusion

As you can see, there are a lot of ways to find out the Linux version. There are both graphical tools for this, and utilities that do not have such a "luxury". What to use is up to you. Only one thing is important - to get the desired result.

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