Maps and coordinates of the location of the towers of the base stations. MTS coverage area map. Additional information about useful software for finding the coordinates of base stations of cellular operators

And again, some general educational material. This time we will focus on base stations. Let us consider various technical aspects of their placement, design and range, as well as look inside the antenna unit itself.

Base stations. General information

This is what antennas look like cellular communication installed on the roofs of buildings. These antennas are an element of a base station (BS), specifically, a device for receiving and transmitting a radio signal from one subscriber to another, and then through an amplifier to a base station controller and other devices. Being the most visible part of the BS, they are installed on antenna masts, roofs of residential and industrial buildings, and even chimneys. Today, you can find more exotic options for their installation, in Russia they are already installed on lighting poles, and in Egypt they are even "disguised" as palm trees.

The base station can be connected to the operator's network via radio relay communication, therefore, next to the "rectangular" antennas of the BS units, you can see a radio relay dish:

With the transition to more modern standards of the fourth and fifth generations, to meet their requirements, it will be necessary to connect stations exclusively using fiber optics. In modern BS designs, optical fiber becomes an integral medium for transmitting information even between nodes and blocks of the BS itself. For example, the figure below shows the design of a modern base station, where fiber optic cable is used to transfer data from the RRU (Remote Controlled Units) antenna to the base station itself (shown by the orange line).

The base station equipment is located in non-residential areas of the building, or is installed in specialized containers (fixed on walls or poles), because modern equipment is quite compact and can easily fit into system unit server computer. Often the radio module is installed next to the antenna unit, this allows to reduce losses and dissipation of the power transmitted to the antenna. This is how the three installed radio modules of the equipment of the Flexi Multiradio base station look, fixed directly to the mast:

Base station service area

To begin with, it should be noted that there are Various types base stations: macro, micro, pico and femtocells. Let's start small. And, in short, the femtocell is not a base station. It is rather an Access Point. This equipment is initially aimed at home or office users and the owner of such equipment is a private or legal entity. a person not related to the operator. The main difference between such equipment is that it has a fully automatic configuration, starting from the assessment of radio parameters and ending with the connection to the operator's network. Femtocell has the dimensions of a home router:

Picocell is a low-power base station owned by the operator and using IP / Ethernet as a transport network. Usually installed in places of possible local concentration of users. The device is comparable in size to a small laptop:

Microcell is an approximate implementation of a base station in a compact form, very common in operators' networks. It differs from the "big" base station by the reduced capacity of those supported by the subscriber and lower emitting power. The mass, as a rule, is up to 50 kg and the radius of the radio coverage is up to 5 km. Such a solution is used where high capacities and network capacities are not needed, or where it is not possible to install a large station:

And finally, a macrocell is a standard base station on the basis of which mobile networks... It is characterized by a power of about 50 W and a coverage radius of up to 100 km (in the limit). The rack weight can be up to 300 kg.

The coverage area of each BS depends on the height of the antenna section, the terrain and the number of obstacles on the way to the subscriber. When installing a base station, the coverage radius is far from always brought to the fore. As the subscriber base grows, the maximum bandwidth of the BS may not be enough, in which case the message "network busy" appears on the phone screen. Then the operator over time in this area can deliberately reduce the range of the base station and install several additional stations in places of greatest load.

When you need to increase the network capacity and reduce the load on individual base stations, then microcells come to the rescue. In a megalopolis, the radio coverage area of one microcell can be only 500 meters.

In urban conditions, oddly enough, there are places where the operator needs to locally connect a section with big amount traffic (areas of metro stations, large central streets, etc.). In this case, low-power microcells and picocells are used, the antenna units of which can be located on low buildings and on poles. street lighting... When the question of organizing high-quality radio coverage inside closed buildings (shopping and business centers, hypermarkets, etc.) arises, then pico-cell base stations come to the rescue.

Outside cities, the range of operation of individual base stations comes to the fore, so the installation of each base station at a distance from the city is becoming an increasingly expensive enterprise due to the need to build power lines, roads and towers in difficult climatic and technological conditions. To increase the coverage area, it is desirable to install the BS on higher masts, use directional sector emitters, and more low frequencies less attenuated.

So, for example, in the 1800 MHz range, the BS operating range does not exceed 6-7 kilometers, and in the case of using the 900 MHz range, the coverage area can reach 32 kilometers, all other things being equal.

Base station antennas. Let's take a look inside

In cellular communications, sector-based panel antennas are most often used, which have a radiation pattern of 120, 90, 60 and 30 degrees wide. Accordingly, to organize communication in all directions (from 0 to 360), 3 (DN width of 120 degrees) or 6 (DN width of 60 degrees) antenna units may be required. An example of organizing a uniform coverage in all directions is shown in the figure below:

And below is a view of typical radiation patterns on a logarithmic scale.

Most base station antennas are broadband, allowing operation in one, two or three frequency bands. Starting with UMTS networks, unlike GSM, base station antennas are able to change the radio coverage area depending on the network load. One of the most effective methods to control the radiated power is to control the tilt angle of the antenna, in this way the irradiated area of the radiation pattern is changed.

Antennas can have a fixed angle of inclination, or they can be remotely adjusted using a special software located in the BS control unit, and built-in phase shifters. There are also solutions that allow you to change the service area, from common system data network management. Thus, the coverage area of the entire sector of the base station can be adjusted.

Base station antennas use both mechanical and electrical control of the pattern. Mechanical control is easier to implement, but often leads to distortion of the radiation pattern due to the influence of structural parts. Most BS antennas have an electrical tilt adjustment system.

The modern antenna unit is a group of radiating elements of the antenna array. The distance between the elements of the array is chosen in such a way as to obtain the smallest level of side lobes of the radiation pattern. The most common lengths of panel antennas are from 0.7 to 2.6 meters (for multi-band antenna panels). The gain ranges from 12 to 20 dBi.

The figure below (left) shows the design of one of the most common (but outdated) antenna panels.

Here, the radiators of the antenna panel are half-wave symmetrical electric vibrators above the conductive screen, located at an angle of 45 degrees. This design allows you to form a diagram with a main lobe width of 65 or 90 degrees. In this design, two- and even three-band antenna units are produced (albeit rather large-sized). For example, a tri-band antenna panel of this design (900, 1800, 2100 MHz) differs from a single-band one, about twice the size and weight, which, of course, makes it difficult to maintain.

An alternative technology for the manufacture of such antennas involves the implementation of strip antenna emitters (square metal plates), in the figure above on the right.

And here is another option, when half-wave slot magnetic vibrators are used as the emitter. The power line, slots and the screen are made on one printed circuit board with double-sided foil glass fiber laminate:

Taking into account the modern realities of the development of wireless technologies, base stations must support the operation of 2G, 3G and LTE networks. And if the control units of base stations of networks of different generations can be accommodated in one wiring closet without increasing the overall size, then significant difficulties arise with the antenna part.

For example, in multiband antenna panels, the number of coaxial trunks reaches 100 meters! Such a significant length of the cable and the number of soldered joints inevitably leads to losses in the lines and a decrease in the gain:

In order to reduce electrical losses and reduce soldering points, microstrip lines are often made, this allows dipoles and a powering system for the entire antenna using a single printed technology. This technology easy to manufacture and provides high repeatability of antenna characteristics during its serial production.

Multiband antennas

With the development of communication networks of the third and fourth generations, modernization of the antenna part of both base stations and cell phones is required. Antennas are required to operate in new additional bands exceeding 2.2 GHz. Moreover, work in two and even three bands must be done simultaneously. As a result, the antenna part includes rather complex electromechanical circuits, which must ensure proper functioning in difficult climatic conditions.

As an example, let us consider the design of the emitters of a dual-band antenna of a Powerwave cellular base station operating in the ranges 824-960, MHz and 1710-2170, MHz. Her appearance shown in the figure below:

This dual band illuminator consists of two metal plates... The larger one works in the lower 900 MHz band, above it is a plate with a smaller slot radiator. Both antennas are driven by slot radiators and thus have a single feed line.

If dipole antennas are used as emitters, then it is necessary to set a separate dipole for each waveband. Individual dipoles must have their own feed line, which, of course, reduces overall system reliability and increases power consumption. An example of such a design is a Kathrein antenna for the same frequency range as discussed above:

Thus, the dipoles for the lower frequency range are, as it were, inside the dipoles of the upper range.

For the implementation of three- (or more) band modes of operation, printed multilayer antennas have the greatest manufacturability. In such antennas, each new layer operates in a rather narrow frequency range. Such a "multi-storey" design is made of printed antennas with individual radiators, each antenna is tuned to a separate frequency of the operating range. The design is illustrated by the figure below:

As in any other multi-element antennas in this design, there is an interaction of elements operating in different frequency ranges. Of course, this interaction affects the directivity and alignment of the antennas, but this interaction can be eliminated by the methods used in phased array (phased array) antenna arrays). For example, one of the most effective methods is to change the design parameters of the elements by displacing the exciting device, as well as to change the dimensions of the feed itself and the thickness of the separating dielectric layer.

An important point is that all modern wireless technologies broadband, and the operating frequency bandwidth is at least 0.2 GHz. Antennas based on complementary structures, such as bow-tie antennas, have a wide operating frequency band. The matching of such an antenna with the transmission line is carried out by selecting the excitation point and optimizing its configuration. To expand the operating frequency band by agreement, the "butterfly" is supplemented with an input impedance of a capacitive nature.

Modeling and calculation of such antennas are performed in specialized software packages CAD. Modern programs make it possible to simulate an antenna in a semitransparent housing in the presence of the influence of various structural elements of the antenna system and thus allow a sufficiently accurate engineering analysis to be performed.

The design of a multi-band antenna is done in stages. First, a wide bandwidth microstrip printed antenna is calculated and designed for each operating frequency range separately. Further, printed antennas of different ranges are combined (superimposed on each other) and their joint work is considered, eliminating, if possible, the causes of mutual influence.

A wideband butterfly antenna can be advantageously used as the basis for a tri-band printed antenna. The figure below shows four different configuration options.

The above antenna designs differ in the shape of the reactive element, which is used to expand the operating frequency band by agreement. Each layer of such a three-band antenna is a microstrip emitter of predetermined geometric dimensions. The lower the frequencies, the larger the relative size of such a radiator. Each layer of the PCB is separated from the other by a dielectric. The above design can work in the GSM 1900 range (1850-1990 MHz) - it accepts the bottom layer; WiMAX (2.5 - 2.69 GHz) - accepts the middle layer; WiMAX (3.3 - 3.5 GHz) - Takes over the top layer. Such a design of the antenna system will allow receiving and transmitting a radio signal without using additional active equipment, thereby not increasing the overall dimensions of the antenna unit.

And in conclusion, a little about the dangers of BS

Sometimes, base stations of cellular operators are installed right on the roofs of residential buildings, which specifically demoralizes some of their inhabitants. The owners of apartments cease to "give birth to cats", and on the head of the grandmother, gray hair begins to appear faster. In the meantime, the inhabitants of this house hardly receive an electromagnetic field from the installed base station, because the base station does not radiate "down". And, by the way, the norms of SaNPiN for electromagnetic radiation in the Russian Federation is an order of magnitude lower than in the "developed" countries of the West, and therefore in the city, base stations never work at full capacity. Thus, there is no harm from the BS, unless you arrange to sunbathe on the roof a couple of meters from them. Often, a dozen access points installed in residents' apartments, as well as microwave ovens and cell phones (pressed to your head) have a much greater impact on you than a base station installed 100 meters outside the building.

The issue of base stations has already been raised, but a clear definition has not been identified. I believe that it is necessary to remove these towers, because they do not bear any useful information, and with a large number of them (towers) only littering the map.

akbars, please write a clear definition of what to do with them. And it is desirable to make it into the rules.

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The issue of base stations has already been raised, but a clear definition has not been identified. I believe that it is necessary to remove these towers, because they do not carry any useful information, and with a large number of them (towers) only littering the map.

akbars, please write a clear definition of what to do with them. And it is desirable to make it into the rules.

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akbars, please write a clear definition of what to do with them. And it is desirable to make it into the rules.

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akbars, please write a clear definition of what to do with them. And it is desirable to make it into the rules.

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In order to choose the best kit for reliable Internet operation, you need to know the answers to several questions.

Where and at what distance is the nearest base station with Internet access?
Is there a line of sight to the base station from the site of the proposed antenna installation?
How long is the RF drop cable required to connect the antenna?

There are two options to answer the first question.

First option:

The easiest way is to use coverage maps that are published by cellular operators on their sites.

Below is a list of links to coverage maps of major cellular operators.

Let's set ourselves the task of determining the possibility of receiving 3G Internet in the village of Nagishi, Ryazan Region. Using the coverage map of the MTS operator, we determine that the nearest base station is located in Gorlovo, Ryazan region.

We find a more or less exact location of the base station. As a rule, the directional pattern of the base station antennas is similar to a trefoil because three sector antennas with a directional pattern of 120 ° are used at the base, the base will be located in the center of this figure.

Next, using the Yandex map, we find the distance between the client and the base station. This is necessary so as not to do unnecessary work, because if the distance turns out to be more than 30 km, then most likely it will be impossible to establish a 3G connection

Using the "Get information" tool, we determine the coordinates of the 3G base station and the location of the proposed installation of the antenna.

We got the following coordinates:

Base 53 ° 49′37.35 ″ N 39 ° 2′30.3 ″ E

Customer 53 ° 50'20.41 ″ N 38 ° 55′7.82 ″ E

The first service is very simple and straightforward, you just need to enter the coordinates of the base and the client indicate the height from the ground for the base, it is usually from 50 to 120m, for the client 10-15m.

There is one limitation this service he will not be able to build a route if the coordinates of the place are more than 60 ° N or 60 ° S, so it will no longer be possible to calculate the route in the area of Arkhangelsk.

Here's what happened in our case.

It can be seen from the graph of the route that nothing interferes with getting confident reception at the antenna installation site, even if the base height is less (50m), direct visibility between the antennas will still be ensured.

When entering the resource, go to the tab immediately Tower

We delete the lists of base stations by clicking on the "cross" to the right of the table and fill in the data of our database to save, click Refresh

Go to the tab Map

reduce the size of the map and transfer the "cross" to the location of the receiving antenna, guided by the names on the map and the coordinates at the bottom of the map.

By clicking on the tab Profiles you can see the profile of the track. As you can see in the picture on the right, the route is open and will be able to provide reliable 3G reception.

scroll down to the "System Performance" heading

We will proceed from the fact that in order to obtain a signal level on the receiving side of at least -85 dBm, and a margin for gain "for bad weather" not less than 10 dB.

We fill in the free fields based on the fact that the receiving antenna has a gain of 14 dB, transmitting 12 dB, the transmitter power of the base is 3 W, the loss in the cable for lowering the base is 2 dB, in the cable for lowering the receiving antenna is 5 dB. Click calculate and get the result above. Based on the calculated data, it turns out that the gain margin is 24 dB, that is, it will work in any weather. The signal level on the receiving side will be about -64 dB, which will allow you to have a confident stable reception of the Internet at the highest possible speed.

Second option:

In order to find out the location of the base station, you need to take a phone with 3G support (now this is not uncommon), and, guided by the signal strength indicator on the phone, move towards the signal strength until a structure similar to the ones shown below appears in the field of view:

Having marked the location of the station using the maps http://maps.yandex.ru we determine the distance to the installation site and coordinates.

The antenna should be installed in an open space, as high as possible from the ground surface and oriented towards the signal source. It is better to fix the antenna on a separate, grounded mast or on the wall of the house facing the base station. The antenna in the direction of the base station should not be obstructed by vegetation and tall objects even at a considerable distance and within a radius of about 8 meters from the axis of the route - this will greatly weaken the ability to receive 3G Internet. Remember that the antenna requires a line of sight to the base station! Also, you cannot install the antenna under the roof of the house, even from non-metallic parts (slate, rubber, roofing material, etc.). Also, do not install the antenna near the chimney; excessive uneven heating will damage the antenna.

Today the cell phone has become an important part of our life. With the help of it, we correspond, call up and use the mobile Internet. But even now, when cellular operators are doing everything to improve communication, there are failures, and sometimes communication is lost or completely absent. Not everyone knows how cellular communication works and what determines its quality. To cover the territory and high quality cellular communications, operator companies are increasingly building (installing) base stations. The base station map will help you stay connected. Each operator has a wide network of 3G (third generation) and 4G LTE (fourth generation) base stations. If you have not yet decided on the choice of an operator or want to switch to another, you may be interested in a map of the base stations of cellular communication of the operator you need, which will show in detail the coverage area. The range of one station depends on the location and frequency range. 3G stations in megalopolises reach - 500m, in open areas - up to 35km. 4G LTE stations - the radius can be different, optimally it is about 5 km, but if necessary, it can be up to 30 km or even 100 km (with sufficient antenna lift).

Mobile operators have learned to combine low and high frequencies... For areas where a small number of subscribers live, while they occupy a large area, networks operating in low bands are ideal. And in large and densely populated cities, networks are being built in high ranges. For dual-band LTE networks and the future is worth mobile communications.

You can view the map and find out the coordinates of the base stations of cellular operators, as well as understand the coverage areas of cellular operators, depending on the region, on various sites. Examples of such sites include the following resources:

http://bsmaps.ru/maps.php - coverage areas of Megafon, MTS, Tele2 in the central federal district;
http://tolyatti.beeline.ru/customers/beeline-on-map/ - Beeline coverage areas
http://www.mts.ru/mobil_inet_and_tv/help/mts/coverage/ - MTS coverage area

The quality of cellular communication among the operators is different. On the website of the State Service, a popular project has been launched - "Quality of Communication" (creating a quality map of cellular communication using the mobile application "Communication Quality"). https://www.gosuslugi.ru/555666/1/

On the "Angry Citizen" project, you can complain about the poor quality of the connection.

If the coverage is unsatisfactory, and there are uncovered areas ("white spots"), then the connection is unstable and may be interrupted. Our resource was created to solve these problems.

Here you can see the layout of the base stations on the interactive

Locating communication towers is not a criminal activity, but a fairly common task in remote regions and villages where the quality of coverage is poor. How to understand why it takes better from this post than from that gate? The following tools and sites can help you navigate.

Of the English-language services, perhaps the best is opensignal.com, where you can choose the operator and the required location. The map does not display towers, but shows coverage areas. Of the Russians, I can recommend netmonitor.ru - its database contains a lot of information about operator towers.

Some applications for Android are also interesting. For example, OpenSignal displays a map of cell towers and Wi-Fi points (places with poor connections are also marked on the map), has a built-in compass and a speed checker.

Another interesting utility is Netmonitor. She knows how to monitor GSM and CDMA networks, shows information about the signal level, contains a database cell towers, supports devices with multiple SIM-cards, and also knows how to keep a log in CLF or KLM format.

Please note that Netmonitor has limitations when working on devices from some manufacturers. On Motorola smartphones, LG, Samsung, Acer and Huawei, the list of neighbors may be empty, and the signal strength may not be displayed on Samsung devices.

I would also recommend the GSM Signal Monitoring application, which allows you to work with GSM, UMTS and LTE networks. It displays the change in signal strength on the graph and shows the neighboring cells (only in GSM networks). There is a data rate monitor and the ability to track connection status, connection standard, cell and current zone identifiers (LAC / RNC / TAC) and received signal strength (RSSI, as well as RSRP for LTE).

In this article, we will cover the topic of what the Beeline coverage area is, as well as how to find out about its condition in a particular region and solve connection problems.

Beeline coverage map and its features

Having studied the map of the location of the operator's communication towers, you can see that the whole country is covered by them. But communication is not always present where there are well-equipped stations. mobile operator... Why so, you ask.

Many users who do not know about the peculiarities of mobile communications attribute problems with it to the service operator. But this is far from the case.

Network quality depends on many factors:

Insufficient signal transmission power from the base tower or wrong direction of the antennas.
Uneven distribution of base stations due to the peculiarities of the geographical location and architectural development of the settlement, as a result of which there is an incomplete coverage of the territory.
The quality of communication also depends on the density of the building area of the area., the layout of the building in which the subscriber is located, or even the thickness of its walls.
Weather conditions play an important role- so, rain greatly affects throughput communication channels.

Mainly about the quality of communication and coverage the subscriber wants to know in the following cases:

Buying real estate (most often outside the city).
Going on travel, picnic or vacation.
Going on a business trip.

Below you can see the coverage map:

By the way, on the map, large cities are mainly shown with the best signal, but remote settlements, so to speak, the outback, cannot boast of this.

But here a surprise may await you - although the tower may not be indicated on the map, the operator's communication in this area can be quite bearable.

What is the reason for this? Most often, the reflected signal takes part in this, although slight inaccuracies in the compilation of the coverage map cannot be ruled out.

Where can you catch 3g and 4g signals from Beeline?

Having carefully studied the Beeline coverage map, you will notice that the Internet of these categories is not everywhere. The best signals of 3g technology can be received in the central part of the country, but in the eastern and northern regions this situation is worse.

As for the Internet using 4g technology, the coverage here is much more modest. Base stations with this signal are located pointwise, from which the signal is also not picked up by all users of the operator.

4g Internet can be used by residents of Moscow and St. Petersburg megacities, as well as their regions. Also, the inhabitants of certain central regions of Russia have such an advantage.

In other regions of the Russian Federation, 4g signals appear only in the largest cities - the administrative centers of the regions where the Beeline LTE base stations are located. This service is provided in 11 regions of the country, each year increasing the volume to cover more and more new territories.

Signal reception problems and how to solve this problem

As mentioned above, the absence of a signal or its poor quality takes place everywhere. And the operator is not always the reason. Now we would like to tell you what you can do if you have a bad operator signal on your phone.

Of course, complaining about a small number of base stations or their insufficient power, you will not speed up the process of installing new and upgrading old ones.

But by sending a request to the operator indicating your location and the characteristics of the signal that you receive, you can be sure that the operator will definitely consider this request and check the settings of his stations in this region, which may just need additional correction. That is why it is very important for Beeline Feedback with your users.

In addition, the problem may lie in the gadget itself, which simply does not receive a signal due to the fact that this type of communication is not supported by it. To avoid this, during the purchase of the equipment, be sure to ask the seller about the functions of receiving communication signals.

To solve connection problems in remote areas of the region, where the signal is poorly penetrated, so in the country, you can install special cellular amplifiers.

It is also worth paying attention to the time of registration on the network. The fact is that during peak hours, when the network is experiencing a large influx of users, the signal dissipates and it simply may not be enough for everyone, or its quality starts to "lame".

It will be useful to review:

Grand total

In order to be in touch, users need to have an idea of the quality of communication in the area where they are located. For this, the Beeline operator posted a very available map coverage of your network. If the subscriber is not satisfied with the signal quality, the company is always ready to listen and assist in solving the problem. In addition, today the solution to many connection problems is not limited to adjusting the antennas at base stations, but you can find out what kind of solutions to problems exist in this article.

Some applications for Android are also interesting. For example, OpenSignal displays a map of cell towers and Wi-Fi points(places with poor connection are also marked on the map), has a built-in compass and a speed checker.

Another interesting utility is Netmonitor. It can monitor GSM and CDMA networks, shows information about the signal level, contains a database of cell towers, supports devices with multiple SIM cards, and can also keep a log in CLF or KLM format.

Please note that Netmonitor has limitations when working on devices from some manufacturers. On smartphones Motorola, LG, Samsung, Acer and Huawei, the list of neighbors may be empty, and on Samsung devices, moreover, the signal strength may not be displayed.

Knowing the data of the base station, you can punch it through the xinit.ru website and get information about its location. In large cities, it would not hurt to try to find folk maps with the location of the towers, but it should be understood that the towers belong to different operators. Plus, base stations are installed not only on poles, but also on rooftops.

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